Exome sequencing of liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma

Opisthorchis viverrini-related cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a fatal bile duct cancer, is a major public health concern in areas endemic for this parasite. We report here whole-exome sequencing of eight O. viverrini-related tumors and matched normal tissue. We identified and validated 206 somatic mutations in 187 genes using Sanger sequencing and selected 15 genes for mutation prevalence screening in an additional 46 individuals with CCA (cases). In addition to the known cancer-related genes TP53 (mutated in 44.4% of cases), KRAS (16.7%) and SMAD4 (16.7%), we identified somatic mutations in 10 newly implicated genes in 14.8-3.7% of cases. These included inactivating mutations in MLL3 (in 14.8% of cases), ROBO2 (9.3%), RNF43 (9.3%) and PEG3 (5.6%), and activating mutations in the GNAS oncogene (9.3%). These genes have functions that can be broadly grouped into three biological classes: (i) deactivation of histone modifiers, (ii) activation of G protein signaling and (iii) loss of genome stability. This study provides insight into the mutational landscape contributing to O. viverrini-related CCA.     

A genome-wide association study in Han Chinese identifies new susceptibility loci for ankylosing spondylitis

To identify susceptibility loci for ankylosing spondylitis, we performed a two-stage genome-wide association study in Han Chinese. In the discovery stage, we analyzed 1,356,350 autosomal SNPs in 1,837 individuals with ankylosing spondylitis and 4,231 controls; in the validation stage, we analyzed 30 suggestive SNPs in an additional 2,100 affected individuals and 3,496 controls. We identified two new susceptibility loci between EDIL3 and HAPLN1 at 5q14.3 (rs4552569; P = 8.77 × 10(-10)) and within ANO6 at 12q12 (rs17095830; P = 1.63 × 10(-8)). We also confirmed previously reported associations in Europeans within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region (top SNP, rs13202464; P < 5 × 10(-324)) and at 2p15 (rs10865331; P = 1.98 × 10(-8)). We show that rs13202464 within the MHC region mainly represents the risk effect of HLA-B*27 variants (including HLA-B*2704, HLA-B*2705 and HLA-B*2715) in Chinese. The two newly discovered loci implicate genes related to bone formation and cartilage development, suggesting their potential involvement in the etiology of ankylosing spondylitis.     

基于V-A法的光纤式电流测量仪研究

提出了一种适用于超高压输电系统的基于V-A法的电流测量方法,并设计了基于该方法的电流测量仪.该仪器的取样元件为输电导线,采用硅钢片作为高压电源的材料,利用光纤隔离高电位和传递测量信息,能观测系统短路电流的波形,测量误差利用最小二乘法进行补偿,其精度高于0.5级.运行结果表明:该仪器的动态性能优于电流互感器,达到了设计要求.     

Flow and heat transfer behaviour of nanofluids in microchannels

Flow and heat transfer of aqueous based silica and alumina nanofluids in microchannels were experimentally investigated. The measured friction factors were higher than conventional model predictions at low Reynolds numbers particularly with high nanoparticle concentrations. A decrease in the friction factor was observed with increasing Reynolds number, possibly due to the augmentation of nanoparticle aggregate shape arising from fluid shear and alteration of local nanoparticle concentration and nanofluid viscosity. Augmentation of the silica nanoparticle morphology by fluid shear may also have affected the friction factor due to possible formation of a core/shell structure of the particles. Measured thermal conductivities of the silica nanofluids were in approximate agreement with the Maxwell-Crosser model, whereas the alumina nanofluids only showed slight enhancements. Enhanced convective heat transfer was observed for both nanofluids, relative to their base fluids (water), at low particle concentrations. Heat transfer enhancement increased with increasing Reynolds number and microchannel hydraulic diameter. However, the majority of experiments showed a larger increase in pumping power requirements relative to heat transfer enhancements, which may hinder the industrial uptake of the nanofluids, particularly in confined environments, such as Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS).     

基于SIRV病毒传播理论的装备保障网络级联失效分析

针对装备保障网络遭受敌方攻击时所显现出的复杂性现象,对比分析网络级联过程与病毒传播过程的相似性。在已有的负载容量级联故障传递模型基础上,融入了病毒免疫传播的过程,定义保障节点的4种不同状态,构建基于病毒免疫传播理论的装备保障网络级联传递模型,更好地再现了我方保障机构受到敌方实际打击和舆情攻击时的真实状况。通过仿真对比分析表明,在防御资源有限和时间迫切的情况时,优先考虑主动免疫策略,能够取得较好的抵御级联失效的效果,还可以辅助实施目标免疫策略,从而使装备保障网络具有较强的健壮性和较好的恢复能力。     

用于低层建筑地基的不同长度和掺量椰壳纤维加筋吹填海砂强度参数试验研究

针对海南吹填海砂压实困难、地基承载能力较低的问题,通过直剪试验对椰壳纤维加筋吹填海砂的刚度和抗剪强度进行了研究.结果表明:在吹填海砂中掺入椰壳纤维能够有效提升吹填海砂的力学性能和地基承载力;加筋效果随椰壳纤维加筋土所受垂直应力的增大而增大;椰壳纤维长度小于5 cm时,椰壳纤维对吹填海砂的抗剪强度和刚度随椰壳纤维长度的增大而增大,在椰壳纤维长度达到8 cm时,抗剪强度和刚度反而下降;椰壳纤维加筋土的刚度和最大剪应力一直随椰壳纤维掺量的增大而增大,内摩擦角在椰壳纤维掺量小于0.3%时随掺量增大而增大,当掺量超过0.3%后内摩擦角无明显变化.     

Mechanical behavior of a near α titanium alloy under dynamic compression: Characterization and modeling

Dynamic compression tests under strain rates from 870 s^?1 to 2100 s^?1 were conducted for a near α Ti–8Al–1Mo–1V titanium alloy with equiaxed microstructure. Compression behavior, adiabatic shearing and band microstructure were investigated via characterization and calculation. The results demonstrate that all dynamic constitutive curves exhibited obvious stress fluctuation phenomenon with double increase-decrease changing stages at the primary stage of compression. The dislocation multiplication theory can be used to explain this phenomenon. After the stress fluctuation period, work hardening coexisted with the thermal softening, resulting in the slow hardening tendency in constitutive curves. J-C model was utilized to quantify the dynamic constitutive curves. The deviations between the predicted and experimental curves under high strain rates may be attributed to the over-consideration of thermal softening effect in J-C model. Adiabatic shearing band (ASB) began to form under the strain rate of 2100 s^?1. A total shearing strain of 8.1 within ASB achieved in 8.9 μs, corresponding to a local strain rate of about 9.1 × 10⁵ s^?1 and is over 430 times of the macro strain rate. Post annealing was conducted on ASB before EBSD characterization. Due to the static recrystallization during annealing, the α phase within ASB generally presented as ultra-fine grains less than 1 μm in diameter.     

吕梁市“引水入交”工程引水线路优化设计研究

文章从技术可行、施工难易、工程量、建成后运行管理、工程建设投资等方面入手,对吕梁市引水入交工程供水管线布置进行了优化设计研究,以确定该工程的管线最优布置方案。     

等离子体技术在军事中的应用

等离子体科学和技术不仅在工业、农业、生命科学和空间技术得到了发展和广泛的应用,而且近年来这一学科在国外军事技术中有了重要的发展和应用.本文仅就军事技术中的等离子体干扰、隐身、强脉冲等离子体电源、等离子体镜像、雷达等离子体模拟空间飞行器和目标的等离子体特征等基本原理和技术进行介绍和分析.     

施工企业的成本管理问题及其对策

论述了项目成本管理成为实现企业经济效益最大化的关键保证因素,探讨了如何加强项目成本管理,为企业创造更大的经济效益。