Conditional and joint multiple-SNP analysis of GWAS summary statistics identifies additional variants influencing complex traits

We present an approximate conditional and joint association analysis that can use summary-level statistics from a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and estimated linkage disequilibrium (LD) from a reference sample with individual-level genotype data. Using this method, we analyzed meta-analysis summary data from the GIANT Consortium for height and body mass index (BMI), with the LD structure estimated from genotype data in two independent cohorts. We identified 36 loci with multiple associated variants for height (38 leading and 49 additional SNPs, 87 in total) via a genome-wide SNP selection procedure. The 49 new SNPs explain approximately 1.3% of variance, nearly doubling the heritability explained at the 36 loci. We did not find any locus showing multiple associated SNPs for BMI. The method we present is computationally fast and is also applicable to case-control data, which we demonstrate in an example from meta-analysis of type 2 diabetes by the DIAGRAM Consortium.     

Estimating the proportion of variation in susceptibility to schizophrenia captured by common SNPs

Schizophrenia is a complex disorder caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Using 9,087 affected individuals, 12,171 controls and 915,354 imputed SNPs from the Schizophrenia Psychiatric Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) Consortium (PGC-SCZ), we estimate that 23% (s.e. = 1%) of variation in liability to schizophrenia is captured by SNPs. We show that a substantial proportion of this variation must be the result of common causal variants, that the variance explained by each chromosome is linearly related to its length (r = 0.89, P = 2.6 × 10(-8)), that the genetic basis of schizophrenia is the same in males and females, and that a disproportionate proportion of variation is attributable to a set of 2,725 genes expressed in the central nervous system (CNS; P = 7.6 × 10(-8)). These results are consistent with a polygenic genetic architecture and imply more individual SNP associations will be detected for this disease as sample size increases.     

基于NVH性能的排气系统悬挂点位置设计

基于平均驱动自由度位移（ADDOFD）理论,同时考虑车身侧与排气系统侧的NVH性能,以及各阶模态频率的不同权值的影响,对某车型排气系统吊点位置进行优化布置,并对布置吊点后的排气系统做声学稳健性分析。实际应用表明该设计方法能对汽车排气系统悬挂点选择提供可行性参考建议,在整车开发的初期,有效预测和控制车身结构的NVH性能。     

处理环境效应和随机误差的创新驱动发展绩效时空异质研究——以高技术产业为例

基于2009~2015年高技术产业省际面板数据,首次纳入高技术产业创新驱动的环境效应和随机误差考虑,利用SFA模型进行分解修正调整样本投入的偏移量,进一步结合超效率技术改进,更为有效真实地反映高技术产业创新驱动发展成效及其时空异质和来源体系配置特征。研究发现,环境因素对高技术产业创新驱动发展绩效产生显著异质影响。总体上,调整后2009~2015年高技术产业的创新驱动整体效率还处于相对较低水平,存在较大发展空间。纯技术效率改进显著优于规模效率,是其创新驱动发展绩效提升的主要动力来源。高技术产业创新驱动发展绩效时间上呈现一定程度的增长,而空间差异显著,亟待进行引领产业创新驱动结构转型。     

Optimal Switching Integrity Attacks on Sensors in Industrial Control Systems

In this article, an optimal switching integrity attack problem is investigated to study the response of feedback control systems under attack. The authors model the malicious attacks on sensors as additive norm bounded signals. The authors consider an attacker who is only capable of launching attacks to limited number of sensors once a time and changing the combinations of attacked sensors all over the time. The objective of this paper is to find the optimal switching sequence of these combinations and the optimal attack input. The authors solve this problem by transforming it into a traditional optimal control problem with new control variables vary continuously in the range [0, 1]. The optimal solutions of the new control variables are of bang-bang-type. Therefore, an algebraic switching condition and an optimal attack input can be obtained. Finally, numerical results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the methods.     

基于效用最大化的PPP项目社会资本社会风险决策行为研究

本文基于期望效用理论构建了社会资本在面临PPP项目社会风险决策时的数学模型.文章将其决策行为分为正向行为和负向行为.通过计算分析得出社会资本的社会风险决策共存在四种情形,并且归纳出在完全由社会资本承担社会风险损失的情况下其必然会选择负向行为.对此,文章提出了四种情形下相应的补偿机制,通过该机制可确保社会资本采取正向行为,提升PPP项目社会效益.并进一步分析了折现率与PPP合同期长短分别对社会风险决策行为的不同影响.研究最终表明社会资本对长短期利益的重视程度是正负向决策行为选择的关键因素,"伙伴关系"与"风险合理分担"是促进正向行为选择的有效路径.     

港口竞争力与腹地经济协同机制面板数据分析

本文在港口竞争力评价模型中同时引入港口硬件竞争力和软件竞争力指标,进一步完善了港口综合竞争力评价指标体系.在此基础上,结合面板数据模型分析国内9大港口综合竞争力与其腹地发展的协同机制,基本克服了现有港城研究中普遍存在的单角度、单维度和单主体问题.研究表明:港口综合竞争力存在惯性,较弱港口实现超越较难,但可通过充分结合腹地供需结构和贸易特色提升软实力来以长补短.腹地经济结构以及贸易和物流发展水平对港口综合竞争力具有显著正向影响,港口综合竞争力提升又会改善腹地经济结构,而腹地区域产出水平并不是港口综合竞争力的主要影响因素.研究揭示港口综合竞争力提升应从以基建为核心的要素驱动转变为结合创新和服务驱动,通过整合港口与腹地资源来优化港口竞争力结构,做到港口-腹地相互促进,共同发展.     

云南省香格里拉市伊隆迈铜多金属矿区物探异常特征

伊隆迈多金属矿位于西南"三江"义敦岛弧的南段东部斑岩成矿带中。以地质勘查资料为依据,通过开展物探工作获得了以下成果:60线长剖面的重力测量在2 780~4 500区间获得了明显的相对低重力异常,推断该区间深部存在隐伏中-酸性岩体;激电中梯扫面工作在测区东西两侧各获得一个北北西向展布的高极化率条带,推断这两个条带与玄武岩和黄铁矿化凝灰岩有关;利用放射性伽马总量测量对平面上石英二长斑岩脉的走向延伸情况进行了推测;利用高密度电法、激电测深及音频大地电磁测深对该区深部的地质特征进行了推测,根据高密度电法工作成果推断,石英二长斑岩在埋深30m范围内产状陡倾略偏南西,闪长玢岩前期侵入灰岩地层并形成较陡的接触面,石英二长斑岩在后期侵位于闪长玢岩与灰岩的接触面。     

纳米TiO2/ZnO光催化降解氯胺磷的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了几种不同比例的纳米TiO2/ZnO复合半导体光催化剂及纯TiO2、ZnO单组分催化剂,并利用XRD,FE-SEM等手段对样品的结构和形貌进行表征.选用有机磷药氯胺磷为光催化降解对象,利用钼锑抗分光光度法测量并计算降解率,研究了溶液初始浓度、催化剂用量、催化剂的不同配比、热处理温度及溶液的pH值等因素对光催化降解效果的影响.实验结果表明:对于初始浓度4.5mg/L的氯胺磷溶液,催化剂用量为0.6 g·L<'-1>时,TiO2与ZnO的最佳比例为10:1,最佳热处理温度为500℃.反应进行5 h后,最大降解率可达到44.1%.在酸性及碱性介质中均有利于氯胺磷的降解,降解后溶液pH值都向中性趋近     

基于均匀圆阵模式空间和多重旋转不变子空间算法的完备二维DOA估计算法

为了在低运算量下提高均匀圆阵中二维测角的精度,提出一种基于圆阵模式空间和多重旋转不变子空间算法的二维波达方向估计算法。首先利用模式空间算法将均匀圆阵等效为虚拟均匀线阵,并利用贝塞尔函数的递推性质推导此种情况下阵列的旋转不变特性。然后根据虚拟线阵的结构提出一种简便有效的子阵划分办法,在此基础上得出阵列的多重旋转不变方程,并利用多重最小二乘准则得出其完备解,从而完成对信号二维到达角的估计,仿真实验验证了算法的有效性。