环境因素对富硒锌纯顶螺旋藻生化特性的影响

研究３种环境因素ｐＨ、光照强度、锌盐对富硒锌钙螺旋藻叶绿素ａ、硝酸还原酶的影响,实验结果表明,在实验的光强范围内随着光强度增大,硝酸还原酶和叶 纱ａ呈同步增加的态势;等量不同种类锌盐对硝酸还原酶和叶绿素ａ含量影响较小’ｐＨ对硝酸还原酶和叶绿素ａ的影响出现不同步的变化。     

航空钛合金的激光冲击研究

介绍了用激光冲击处理航空材料钛合金TC4提高其力学性能的技术.当利用强激光冲击钛合金表面时,涂层表面形成高幅值冲击波.在冲击波的高压作用下,钛合金表面发生微塑性变形,形成高幅值残余压应力层.激光冲击后,表面压应力层厚度达1 mm以上,压应力达200 MPa以上.随着激光能量的增加,冲击区域的残余应力有增大的趋势,在功率密度由1 GW/cm2增加到5 GW/cm2过程中,其冲击波峰值处的压力线性增加,表面最大残余压应力也相应线性增加;在功率密度为2 GW/cm2时,残余压应力随着次数增加而升高,而且表面硬度也大大提高,从而有效地改善了材料的机械性能,大幅度提高航空材料的疲劳寿命和抗应力腐蚀性能.     

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is an essential regulator of heart function

Cardiovascular diseases are predicted to be the most common cause of death worldwide by 2020. Here we show that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) maps to a defined quantitative trait locus (QTL) on the X chromosome in three different rat models of hypertension. In all hypertensive rat strains, ACE2 messenger RNA and protein expression were markedly reduced, suggesting that ace2 is a candidate gene for this QTL. Targeted disruption of ACE2 in mice results in a severe cardiac contractility defect, increased angiotensin II levels, and upregulation of hypoxia-induced genes in the heart. Genetic ablation of ACE on an ACE2 mutant background completely rescues the cardiac phenotype. But disruption of ACER, a Drosophila ACE2 homologue, results in a severe defect of heart morphogenesis. These genetic data for ACE2 show that it is an essential regulator of heart function in vivo.     

NaOH/KOH二元体系蓄热性能的研究

对NaOH/KON二元体系蓄热性能进行了实验研究，分析 相变材料（PCM）的熔解和凝固等现象，获得了二元体系组成对相变点的影响曲线图，计算了PCM的固－固相变潜热和分别处于液相，混相和固相状态时的导热系数。实验表明，二元体系的相变包括固－液相变和固－固相变，这两倍分的相变潜热值较大；相变过程中会有空穴的产生和不凝气体的存在；NaOH/KOH二元体系导热系数的实验值小于理论值，这在实际工作中应加以考虑。     

用哈密顿原理建立弹性体动力学方程

本文提供一种用哈密顿原理建立弹性体动力学方程的方法.对于完整保守的力学系统.哈密顿原理是变分原理.因此,可由欧拉方程直接写出弹性体的运动微分方程.这种方法的优点在于它不涉及未知的约束力.而只着眼于能量.     

沥青混合料水稳定性分析

根据沥青混合料的强度形成原理和破坏机理以及沥青混合料与水相互作用机理，着重从集料性质、沥青性质、混合料类型、集料粒径和面层压实层厚度等方面分析了影响沥青混合料水稳定性的因素，提出了应在集料选择、沥青选择、沥青混合料设计、加热与拌和、碾压工艺、环境等方面采取措施来改善沥青混合料的水稳定性。     

基于γ-Reθt模型的高升力低压涡轮叶栅分离诱导转捩研究

应用γ槇-Reθt转捩模型对T106C高升力、低压涡轮叶栅进行数值模拟。分析了该模型在不同雷诺数工况下对层流分离诱导转捩的模拟精度。γ槇-Reθt模型通过求解关于间歇因子和当地转捩雷诺数两个输运方程,给出转捩起始位置和转捩区长度等信息;并且对层流分离诱导转捩进行了特定修正。结果显示,中、高雷诺数工况转捩模型预测结果与实验值较为一致,而低雷诺数工况模型预测的分离区域明显小于实验结果。降低入口黏性比可以有效改善低雷诺数工况的预测结果,湍流强度对分离点位置及分离区域大小有很大影响。     

Inactivation of the apoptosis effector Apaf-1 in malignant melanoma

Metastatic melanoma is a deadly cancer that fails to respond to conventional chemotherapy and is poorly understood at the molecular level. p53 mutations often occur in aggressive and chemoresistant cancers but are rarely observed in melanoma. Here we show that metastatic melanomas often lose Apaf-1, a cell-death effector that acts with cytochrome c and caspase-9 to mediate p53-dependent apoptosis. Loss of Apaf-1 expression is accompanied by allelic loss in metastatic melanomas, but can be recovered in melanoma cell lines by treatment with the methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5aza2dC). Apaf-1-negative melanomas are invariably chemoresistant and are unable to execute a typical apoptotic programme in response to p53 activation. Restoring physiological levels of Apaf-1 through gene transfer or 5aza2dC treatment markedly enhances chemosensitivity and rescues the apoptotic defects associated with Apaf-1 loss. We conclude that Apaf-1 is inactivated in metastatic melanomas, which leads to defects in the execution of apoptotic cell death. Apaf-1 loss may contribute to the low frequency of p53 mutations observed in this highly chemoresistant tumour type.     

Coherent spin manipulation without magnetic fields in strained semiconductors

A consequence of relativity is that in the presence of an electric field, the spin and momentum states of an electron can be coupled; this is known as spin-orbit coupling. Such an interaction opens a pathway to the manipulation of electron spins within non-magnetic semiconductors, in the absence of applied magnetic fields. This interaction has implications for spin-based quantum information processing and spintronics, forming the basis of various device proposals. For example, the concept of spin field-effect transistors is based on spin precession due to the spin-orbit coupling. Most studies, however, focus on non-spin-selective electrical measurements in quantum structures. Here we report the direct measurement of coherent electron spin precession in zero magnetic field as the electrons drift in response to an applied electric field. We use ultrafast optical techniques to spatiotemporally resolve spin dynamics in strained gallium arsenide and indium gallium arsenide epitaxial layers. Unexpectedly, we observe spin splitting in these simple structures arising from strain in the semiconductor films. The observed effect provides a flexible approach for enabling electrical control over electron spins using strain engineering. Moreover, we exploit this strain-induced field to electrically drive spin resonance with Rabi frequencies of up to approximately 30 MHz.     

激光焊接温度场解析计算

提出了一种激光焊接温度场的解析计算方法,将激光作用下形成的小孔区域作为均匀吸收介质,导出介质热源的功率分布三维解析式,以及由该热源引起的无限大薄板的温度场分布解析式。计算和实验验证该解析式的正确性,理论计算和实验结果符合较好,当小孔深度为零时,介质热源即为表面热源,所得到的解析式与其它热传导焊理论解析式一致。