Identification of CRE1 as a cytokinin receptor from Arabidopsis

Cytokinins are a class of plant hormones that are central to the regulation of cell division and differentiation in plants. It has been proposed that they are detected by a two-component system, because overexpression of the histidine kinase gene CKI1 induces typical cytokinin responses and genes for a set of response regulators of two-component systems can be induced by cytokinins. Two-component systems use a histidine kinase as an environmental sensor and rely on a phosphorelay for signal transduction. They are common in microorganisms, and are also emerging as important signal detection routes in plants. Here we report the identification of a cytokinin receptor. We identified Arabidopsis cre1 (cytokinin response 1) mutants, which exhibited reduced responses to cytokinins. The mutated gene CRE1 encodes a histidine kinase. CRE1 expression conferred a cytokinin-dependent growth phenotype on a yeast mutant that lacked the endogenous histidine kinase SLN1 (ref. 10), providing direct evidence that CRE1 is a cytokinin receptor. We also provide evidence that cytokinins can activate CRE1 to initiate phosphorelay signalling.     

甘南高寒草地牧场管理的最优控制模型及可持续利用对策研究

以甘南高寒草地放牧系统为研究对象，运用生物控制论的理论与方法，确定了放牧管理的主要指标,组建了放牧管理的最优控制模式。并根据试验监测结果进行了实例计算与生态经济效益分析，提出了可持续利用的对策与意见。     

圆柱齿轮传动目标函数优化设计

圆柱齿轮传动是机械传动中应用最为广泛的装置，以其为例建立了用料最小的目标函数的数学模型，并进行了优化设计。该优化模型和优化方案比常规优化更接近实际，而且设计方法简便，易掌握。     

Far-infrared Absorption Spectra and Properties of SnO2 Nanorods

Nanostructured materials have drawn considerable attention because they are promising candidates for nextgeneration electronic and photonic devices with low power consumption[1-5]. A number of methods, such as laser ablation[6], template-induced growth[7], arc discharge [8], vapor transport [9], and molecular-beam epitaxy[10] have been developed to synthesize Si, Ge, MgO,SnO2, GaN, and Ga2O3 nanowires or nanorods[11-15].……     

Comparison of human genetic and sequence-based physical maps

Recombination is the exchange of information between two homologous chromosomes during meiosis. The rate of recombination per nucleotide, which profoundly affects the evolution of chromosomal segments, is calculated by comparing genetic and physical maps. Human physical maps have been constructed using cytogenetics, overlapping DNA clones and radiation hybrids; but the ultimate and by far the most accurate physical map is the actual nucleotide sequence. The completion of the draft human genomic sequence provides us with the best opportunity yet to compare the genetic and physical maps. Here we describe our estimates of female, male and sex-average recombination rates for about 60% of the genome. Recombination rates varied greatly along each chromosome, from 0 to at least 9 centiMorgans per megabase (cM Mb(-1)). Among several sequence and marker parameters tested, only relative marker position along the metacentric chromosomes in males correlated strongly with recombination rate. We identified several chromosomal regions up to 6 Mb in length with particularly low (deserts) or high (jungles) recombination rates. Linkage disequilibrium was much more common and extended for greater distances in the deserts than in the jungles.     

The Novel Semiconductor Nanowire Heterostructures

1 Results If one-dimensional heterostructures with a well-defined compositional profile along the wire radial or axial direction can be realized within semiconductor nanowires, new nano-electronic devices,such as nano-waveguide and nano-capcipator, might be obtained. Here,we report the novel semiconducting nanowire heterostructures:(1) Si/ZnS side-to-side biaxial nanowires and ZnS/Si/ZnS sandwich-like triaxial nanowires[1],(2) Ga-Mg3N2 and Ga-ZnS metal-semiconductor nanowire heterojunctions[2-3]and (3) ...     

双奇核182Au高自旋态能级结构及旋称反转

利用¹⁵²Sm(³⁵Cl, 5nγ)¹⁸²Au核反应产生并研究了双奇核¹⁸²Au的高自旋态, 首次建立了双奇核¹⁸²Au基于πh_9/2 Äνi_13/2和πi_13/2 Äνi_13/2准粒子组态上的转动带能级纲图, 发现在低自旋区, 两个转动带能级均出现旋称反转. 用推转壳模型对¹⁸²Au的转动带能级进行了理论研究, 发现当采用形变和对力自洽计算后, 从理论上可以定性地解释¹⁸²Au核中两个转动带出现的旋称反转现象.     

应用SWR技术研究垂柳茎体含水率

应用驻波率(SWR)技术对垂柳茎体含水率进行了较长期的监测,验证了SWR技术可以用来定量监测乔木茎体的含水率.实验结果如下:①对垂柳茎体含水率的日变化观测结果表明,在晴天茎体含水率呈下降趋势,下降范围为7%-4%,下午又基本恢复到起始状态;阴雨天茎体含水率的日变化范围较小,为4%-2%;②茎体含水率季节性变化观测结果表明,垂柳茎体含水率具有周期性变化的规律,变化范围为18%-10%;③受根部土壤水分和叶片蒸腾耗水的均衡作用,垂柳茎体含水率基本保持在一定的范围内变化;④不同深度的土壤水分变化情况不同,深度为35 cm的土壤传感器水分变化最剧烈,受降水、根系吸水和近地面空气层影响也最大,而离地表越深,土壤水分变化越小.     

Quenching quorum-sensing-dependent bacterial infection by an N-acyl homoserine lactonase.

Bacterial cells sense their population density through a sophisticated cell-cell communication system and trigger expression of particular genes when the density reaches a threshold. This type of gene regulation, which controls diverse biological functions including virulence, is known as quorum sensing. Quorum-sensing signals, such as acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), are the essential components of the communication system. AHLs regulate virulence gene expression in a range of plant and animal (including human) bacterial pathogens. AHL-producing tobacco restored the pathogenicity of an AHL-negative mutant of Erwinia carotovora. Different bacterial species may produce different AHLs, which vary in the length and substitution of the acyl chain but contain the same homoserine lactone moiety. Here we show that the acyl-homoserine lactonase (AHL-lactonase), a new enzyme from Bacillus sp., inactivates AHL activity by hydrolysing the lactone bond of AHLs. Plants expressing AHL-lactonase quenched pathogen quorum-sensing signalling and showed significantly enhanced resistance to E. carotovora infection. Our results highlight a promising potential to use quorum-sensing signals as molecular targets for disease control, thereby broadening current approaches for prevention of bacterial infections.     

Effects of the tumour promoter okadaic acid on intracellular protein phosphorylation and metabolism

Okadaic acid is a polyether derivative of 38-carbon fatty acid, and is implicated as the causative agent of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. It is a potent tumour promoter that is not an activator of protein kinase C, but is a powerful inhibitor of protein phosphatases-1 and -2A (PP1 and PP2A) in vitro. We report here that okadaic acid rapidly stimulates protein phosphorylation in intact cells, and behaves like a specific protein phosphatase inhibitor in a variety of metabolic processes. Our results indicate that PP1 and PP2A are the dominant protein phosphatases acting on a wide range of phosphoproteins in vivo. We also find that okadaic acid mimics the effect of insulin on glucose transport in adipocytes, which suggests that this process is stimulated by a serine/threonine phosphorylation event.