一种新型双层电磁带隙结构及其在微波电路中的应用

提出了一种新型双层电磁带隙结构, 并分别用数值和实验的方法对这种结构的特性进行了分析. 在对这种结构单元的电磁特性分析的基础上, 给出了其集总参数等效电路, 并且讨论了这种结构的几何参数对电磁特性和等效参数的影响. 与已有的EBG结构相比, 该结构具有小型化及背向辐射小的特点. 基于单元结构的特性和等效电路, 设计了一种紧凑型转弯线带阻滤波器, 以及带阻型天线双工器. 理论和测量结果显示, 这种结构在微波和射频系统中具有潜在的应用价值.     

Anti-DNA antibodies: aspects of structure and pathogenicity

Anti-DNA antibodies contribute to the pathology of systemic lupus erythematosus. Their depositon in tissue lesions could result from localization of preformed immune complexes of antibodies with DNA or nucleosomes, or from cross-reaction of anti-DNA antibodies directly with tissue proteins. Structural analyses contribute to understanding their pathogenic potential. Primary structures of lupus immunoglobulin G double-stranded DNA-binding autoantibodies are determined by immunoglobulin genes with mutated variable region segments, indicative of selection by immunizing antigen. Arginine, lysine and asparagine residues in complementarity-determining region favor DNA binding. Heavy-chain variable regions make major contributions to DNA binding; affinity and specificity of binding are modulated or can be abrogated by the light-chain variable domain. Crytallographic structure is known for a few antibody-DNA complexes and several ligand-free Fab fragments. Computer modeling supplements this limited information. Structural information of lupus antibody interactions with both DNA and cross-reacting molecules will support use of ligands to inhibit tissue deposition of the antibodies and prevent lesion formation in lupus. Received 4 July 2002; accepted 23 July 2002 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author.     

Cellular and molecular action of the putative GABA-mimetic,gabapentin

Gabapentin was originally designed as an anti-convulsant gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mimetic capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. In the present review we show that although gabapentin is not a GABA mimetic, it has great utility as an add-on therapy for epilepsy and as a first-line treatment for neuropathic pain. We summarise the studies that have been performed which demonstrate that gabapentin appears to interact with a novel binding site expressed at high density within the central nervous system (CNS), namely the alpha2delta voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit. The review continues by examining the effects of gabapentin on calcium channel function and neurotransmitter release before, in the latter part of the review, summarising the more recently discovered actions of gabapentin in relation to intracellular signalling.     

N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V modifies the signaling pathway of epidermal growth factor receptor

Transfection of sense cDNA of N-acetylglucosamyltransferase V (GnTV-S) into human H7721 hepatocarcinoma cells resulted in an increase in the N-acetylglucosamine1,6mannose1,3- branch (GnT-V product) on the N-glycans of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR), and promotion of its EGF binding and tyrosine autophosphorylation, but showed little effect on the expression of EGFR protein. The phosphorylation at T308, S473 and tyrosine residue(s) and the activity of protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) as well as the phosphorylation of p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and MAPK kinase (MEK) before and after EGF stimulation were concomitantly increased. Conversely, in the antisense GnT-V (GnTV-AS)-transfected H7721 cells, all the results were the reverse of those with GnTV-S-transfected cells. After the cells were treated with 1-deoxymannojirimycin, an inhibitor of N-glycan processing at high mannose, or antibody against the extracellular glycan domain of EGFR, the differences in PKB activity, p42/44 MAPK and MEK phosphorylation among GnTV-S-, GnTV-AS- and mock-transfected cells were significantly attenuated. These findings indicate that the altered expression of GnT-V will change the glycan structure and function of EGFR, which may modify downstream signal transduction.Received 24 March 2004; received after revision 1 May 2004; accepted 25 May 2004     

C-peptide fragments stimulate glucose utilization in diabetic rats

Studies of C-peptide cellular effects show that not only the full-length native peptide but also specific C-terminal fragments are biologically active in in vitro systems. In the present study, the effect of five C-peptide fragments and the native peptide on whole-body glucose turnover was studied in streptozotocin diabetic rats using the insulin clamp technique. Insulin was infused intravenously at 18 pmol kg^–1 min^–1 for 90 min and blood glucose concentration was clamped at 8 and 4 mM in diabetic and non-diabetic animals. A steady state was reached during the last 30 min of the study period. Rat C-peptide II and fragments comprising residues 27–31 and 28–31 were effective in augmenting glucose turnover in diabetic rats (+100% to 150%), while no significant effects were seen for segments 1–26, 11–19 and 11–15. The metabolic clearance rate for glucose during infusion of C-peptide or fragments 27–31 and 28–31 in diabetic rats was similar to that seen in non-diabetic animals. We conclude that C-terminal tetra- and pentapeptides, but not fragments from the middle segment of C-peptide, are as effective as the full-length peptide in stimulating whole-body glucose turnover in diabetic rats.Received 18 December 2003; received after revision 19 January 2004; accepted 21 January 2004     

太阳风正负动压脉冲激发磁层ULF波的数值模拟

磁层中的超低频波动（Ultra Low Frequency Wave,简称ULF波）通常被认为是由外界太阳风／行星际磁场扰动或者磁层内部的等离子体不稳定性激发的．当太阳风动压脉冲作用于磁层顶时,可能在磁层内部激发ULF波,从而将太阳风能量输运到地球磁层中．本文利用磁流体力学（MHD）数值模拟研究不同形式的太阳风动压脉冲作用下,在磁层中激发的ULF波的性质．我们主要关注地球磁层对太阳风动压正／负脉冲以及太阳风动压正．负脉冲对的响应．模拟结果表明,幅度和周期均相同的太阳风动压正脉冲和负脉冲,在磁层中所激发的ULF波幅度,周期均相同,然而相位相差180°．另外,对一个太阳风动压正一负脉冲对作用于偶极磁层的情况,在地球磁层内的某些特定区域仍可观察到磁力线共振（FLRs）现象,磁力线共振的区域分布和动压脉冲的周期以及动压脉冲对之间的时间间隔有关．同时模拟计算结果还表明,与单一脉冲相比较而言,在动压脉冲对的作用下,太阳风能量可以传递到地球磁层中更低纬度的区域．因此本文结果可以帮助我们更好地理解太阳风能量通过ULF波形式输运到地球磁层的机制;同时,还可以为研究有关内磁层中能量粒子对不同的行星际激波的响应方式提供线索．     

介电弹性体驱动器的稳定性分析

介电弹性体（dielectric elastomers,DE）是制造智能主动驱动器最有潜力的电致活性聚合物（electroactive polymer,EAP）材料．在介电弹性体薄膜2个相对表面均匀涂覆柔性电极,施加电压后,由于静电力作用,介电弹性体薄膜沿电压施加的方向收缩,而在垂直于电压施加的方向扩展延伸．介电弹性体薄膜厚度变小导致施加在薄膜上的电场更高,当施加的电场超过其临界电场时,介电弹性体薄膜被击穿,驱动器失稳．本文基于非线性场机电耦合理论的介电弹性体稳定性分析方法,应用含有2个材料常数的弹性应变能函数模型对介电弹性体进行稳定性分析．得到材料常数比七值越大,对应的介电弹性体材料或驱动器的稳定性越高,它可以指导介电弹性体驱动器的设计．最后,把这种方法推广到应用多个材料常数的弹性应变能函数分析介电弹性体稳定性．     

分数阶Fourier域多通道采样的滤波器组高效实现

研究了分数阶Fourier域周期非均匀采样以及多通道采样的滤波器组高效插值和重建方法．首先,根据分数阶Fourier变换的性质,得到了分数阶Fourier域插值和采样的恒等结构;然后根据该恒等结构,得到了从分数阶Fourier域多通道采样和周期非均匀采样中重建原始信号的滤波器组高效实现方法;最后建立了分数阶Fourier域多通道采样和分数阶Fourier域滤波器组的关系,并进一步说明可以通过分数阶Fourier域准确重建滤波器组,导出分数阶Fourier域新的采样和重建策略．