Occurrence of thiaminase II inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

Summary It was found that cell-free extracts ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae contain thiaminase II which hydrolyzes thiamine and thiamine analogs. The possible involvement of this enzyme and thiamine-synthesizing enzymes in thiamine production from thiamine antagonists is discussed.30 September 1986Acknowledgments. We thank the late Dr S. Yurugi, Takeda Pharmaceutical Industries, Osaka, for his generous gifts of dimethialium, 2-northiamine, -hydroxyethylthiamine, hydroxymethylpyrimidine, 2-norhydroxymethylpyrimidine and hydroxyethylthiazole. We also thank Prof. H. Nakayama, Yamaguchi Women's College, for his kind supply ofEscherichia coli 70–17 and 26–43.     

Regulation of cellulose synthesis in Acetobacter xylinum by cyclic diguanylic acid

Cellulose is the most abundant renewable carbon resource on earth and is an indispensable raw material for the wood, paper, and textile industries. A model system to study the mechanism of cellulose biogenesis is the bacterium Acetobacter xylinum which produces pure cellulose as an extracellular product. It was from this organism that in vitro preparations which possessed high levels of cellulose synthase activity were first obtained in both membranous and soluble forms. We recently demonstrated that this activity is subject to a complex multi-component regulatory system, in which the synthase is directly affected by an unusual cyclic nucleotide activator enzymatically formed from GTP, and indirectly by a Ca (2+) -sensitive phosphodiesterase which degrades the activator. The cellulose synthase activator (CSA) has now been identified as bis-(3' 5')-cyclic diguanylic acid (5'G3'p5'G3'p) on the basis of mass spectroscopic data, nuclear magnetic resonance analysis and comparison with chemically synthesized material. We also report here on intermediary steps in the synthesis and degradation of this novel circular dinucleotide, which have been integrated into a model for the regulation of cellulose synthesis.     

基于模糊C均值聚类的二维直流电阻率与射频大地电磁联合反演

为结合直流电阻率（direct current resistivity, DCR）与射频大地电磁（radio-magnetotelluric, RMT）法反演优势,开展了二维DCR与RMT数据联合反演研究。在经典最小结构模型正则化的基础上,采用平衡算子调节两个数据间的权重,引入模糊C均值（fuzzy C-means, FCM）聚类对电阻率模型进行约束,根据数据均方根误差自动调整FCM聚类项的权重,提高了联合反演效果。通过单独反演与联合反演结果的对比,分析了两种方法的反演能力,总结了联合反演的优势。模型试算表明,DCR与RMT数据联合反演得到的电阻率模型较单独反演更接近实际模型,FCM聚类约束的应用可进一步提高联合反演的效果。     

盾构隧道管片接缝密封垫防水耐久性试验研究

为研究盾构管片接缝橡胶密封垫的防水耐久性,开展了橡胶密封垫水热加速老化试验,并对老化后试样进行拉伸力学性能试验、试样表面电镜扫描与长期防水性能试验,分析了橡胶垫表面微观尺度下的防水失效机理;采用橡胶密封垫极限防水压力为耐久性评价指标,结合基于Arrhenius方程的p-T-t数学模型,推导了橡胶密封垫长期防水性能折减系数的预测公式。结果表明：老化后橡胶密封垫表面接触状况的恶化和橡胶材料的硬化,加速了橡胶密封垫接触面间渗漏通道的形成;橡胶密封垫防水性能随着老化时间的增加不断降低,但下降速度逐渐减小。采用提出的防水性能预测公式对广东榕江-关埠引水工程盾构隧洞实际使用的橡胶密封垫的耐久性进行了预测,预测服役100 a后的老化系数为0.390,结果相对于仅考虑橡胶材料力学性能时的预测结果偏小12.36%,对原设计使用期内频繁出现的渗漏现象提供了合理解释与更准确的寿命预测。     

相似路径台风风暴潮过程对比

基于MIKE 21模型和Holland台风风场模型,构建了1909号利奇马和0509号麦莎2次相似路径台风期间的风场和气压场,并模拟了相应的风暴潮过程。结果表明：台风中心附近增水变化显著,浙江东北部海域在台风登陆期间的增水更大;受台风强度影响,台风利奇马期间增水高值区更大,部分海域2次台风期间最大增水差值接近1.0 m;潮致欧拉余流速度较大值主要分布在100 m水深以浅的海域,量值超过20 cm/s,江苏沿海、台湾东北部海域存在欧拉余环流;台风利奇马期间近海斯托克斯余流值普遍小于麦莎期间;斯托克斯余流项对台风期间长江口、浙闽等近海浅水区短期物质输运过程起一定主导作用。用EMD方法和Hillbert变换分析了典型站点风暴潮位的特征,发现站点IMF1模态和天文潮位较吻合;水深和IMF3模态的最大功率谱密度呈现出较高的相关性,并且随着水深的增加,IMF3模态的最大功率谱密度逐步变大。     

震区中小跨径桥梁墩柱配筋率取值范围

为研究配筋率对钢筋混凝土桥梁延性抗震性能的影响,并在不同设防烈度对主筋配筋率的合理取值进行细分。以钢筋混凝土桥梁为研究对象,通过拟静力模型试验与有限元数值分析的方法,研究竖向钢筋(主筋)配筋率对桥墩延性的影响,提出典型桥墩的多级性能水平量化指标;并探究在氯离子侵蚀的恶劣环境下,不同配筋率对桥梁抗震性能所带来的影响,从而对氯离子侵蚀环境下的震区中小跨径桥梁墩柱配筋率取值范围提供参考建议。结果表明：考虑氯离子侵蚀作用下的恢复力模型能够较好地反映刚度的退化特性,墩柱的最佳配筋率取值范围为1.11%～2.72%;当加速度为0.3g(g为重力加速度)时,仅从配筋率的角度已无法满足墩柱的损伤指标,建议采用减隔震体系进行抗震设计,如采用延性体系时配筋率不得小于2.64%。研究结果可为中小跨径连续桥梁抗震设计提供参考。     

美国《中学物理教程》特点分析

本文以美国《中学物理教程》为研究对象,全面系统地分析了该教材的特点,为我国编写适合大多数中学生学习的高质量物理教材提供参考。     

Gigantecin: A novel antimitotic and cytotoxic acetogenin,with nonadjacent tetrahydrofuran rings,fromGoniothalamus giganteus (Annonaceae)

Summary Gigantecin (I), a novel tetrahydroxy-di-tetrahydrofuran fatty acid -lactone (acetogenin), was isolated from an ethanolic extract of the stem bark ofGoniothalamus giganteus Hook. f., Thomas (Annonaceae), by means of activity-directed fractionation (brine shrimp lethality test). This new compound is extremely cytotoxic to human tumor cells, inhibits crown gall tumors on potato discs, and is active in an assay designed to detect antimitotic agents (9 ASK).     

Metabolism of 3β-hydroxycholest-5-en-26-oic acid in hamsters

Summary Metabolism of 26-hydroxycholesterol to 3-hydroxychol-5-en-24-oic acid and other C24-bile acids has been expected to occur by way of 3-hydroxycholest-5-en-26-oic acid in studies in vitro. 3-Hydroxycholest-5-en-26-oic acid was infused intravenously into bile fistula hamsters and the following C24-bile acids were identified: 3-hydroxychol-5-en-24-oic acid, lithocholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and a small amount of cholic acid.