Presentation of viral antigen controlled by a gene in the major histocompatibility complex

We describe a mutant human cell line (LBL 721.174) that has lost a function required for presentation of intracellular viral antigens with class I molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), but retains the capacity to present defined epitopes as extracellular peptides. The cell also has a defect in the assembly and expression of class I MHC molecules, which we show can be restored by exposure of the cells to a peptide epitope. This phenotype suggests a defect in the association of intracellular antigen with class I molecules similar to that described for the murine mutant RMA-S (ref. 5), but in the present case the genetic defect can be mapped within the MHC locus on human chromosome 6.     

Residues of the variable region of the T-cell-receptor beta-chain that interact with S. aureus toxin superantigens

The alpha beta T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) recognizes antigenic peptides in the context of self major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. The specificity of recognition of MHC plus antigen is generally determined by a combination of the variable elements of alpha- and beta-chains of the TCR. Several types of antigen, however, have been identified that, when bound to MHC molecules, stimulate T cells bearing particular variable-region beta-chain (V beta) elements irrespective of the other variable components of the TCR. These have been termed 'superantigens', and here we are concerned with one type of superantigen, the toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus. T cells have been found that bear closely related members of the same V beta family but respond differently to S. aureus toxins; in particular, cells bearing the human V beta 13.2 element respond to toxin SEC2, whereas cells bearing human V beta 13.1 do not. We have now defined the residues of the V beta element responsible for this difference, and find that they reside in a region thought to lie on the side of the TCR molecule, away from the conventional antigen/MHC-binding site. The evolutionary conservation of this site may be due to its having an important role in some function of the TCR other than the binding of conventional antigen plus MHC.     

Three-dimensional structure of the ATPase fragment of a 70K heat-shock cognate protein

The three-dimensional structure of the amino-terminal 44K ATPase fragment of the 70K bovine heat-shock cognate protein has been solved to a resolution of 2.2 A. The ATPase fragment has two structural lobes with a deep cleft between them; ATP binds at the base of the cleft. Surprisingly, the nucleotide-binding 'core' of the ATPase fragment has a tertiary structure similar to that of hexokinase, although the remainder of the structures of the two proteins are completely dissimilar, suggesting that both the phosphotransferase mechanism and the substrate-induced conformational change intrinsic to the hexokinases may be used by the 70K heat shock-related proteins.     

Movement of internalized ligand-receptor complexes along a continuous endosomal reticulum

Complexes of cell-surface receptors and their ligands are commonly internalized by endocytosis and enter a prelysosomal endosomal pathway for further processing. Fluorescence microscopy and video recording of living cells to trace the passage of ligand-receptor complexes has identified the endosomal compartment as an extensive network of tubular cisternae. Endocytosed material entering this reticulum enters discrete swellings, identified as multivesicular bodies by electron microscopy, which move along the reticulum towards the pericentriolar area.     

黑河水库水源的微生物区系考察

以黑河水系的陈河(地名)和黑河大桥上侧坝内作断面采水样。分离得36株异养细菌和13株霉菌,并对以上菌株按常规方法进行了鉴定.还发现有与水质有关的紫色细菌、绿硫细菌、反硝化细菌、磷细菌、铁细菌、氨细菌和大肠杆菌。没有检测到氧化硫硫杆菌和氧化亚铁硫杆菌。反硝化细菌、氨细菌和大肠杆菌群的最大可能数(MPN)分别是273个/g,300个/g,75个/l。水体内的细菌总数是3.79×10~2个/ml.本文还对黑河水系的微生物区系与水质的关系进行了评估和未来预测.     

大头茶种群的格局分析

将异龄结构的大头茶种群划分为各部份功能群进行研究,得出结论如下:大头茶种群个体数量分布格局主要由苗木群格局决定,种群生物量格局由大树群格局决定;影响大头茶种群格局的因素主要是:①大头茶的强萌生性和弱散布性;②环境因子格局.     

采煤机螺旋滚筒的有限元分析

本文讨论采煤机螺旋滚筒的强度问题,用三角板单元编制了有限元程序SHEAR1,为了减少计算机内存和便于计算,采用了一维变带宽存储和网格自动生成。实测数据与计算结果基本一致。     

声速混合定则及生物媒质组份定征

研究各种声速混合定则的异同及对生物媒质组份定征的适用性.指出对于生物媒质组份定征,在一定条件下这些定则是兼容的;各种定则对实际声速模拟符合程度有不同的差别,尚不存在统一的、最佳模拟定则.     

燃气轮机总能系统热力学分析

通过对典型燃气轮机总能系统热力学分析,认为(火用)效率是各类燃气轮机总能系统具有可比性的热力学完善性指标,通过(火用)分析可查明(火用)损失分布。文中指出提高(火用)效率的主要途径是提高燃气透平进气温度,它是影响总能系统(火用)效率的主要因素,而余热的利用方式对其影响不大。从热能综合利用的角度来看,总能系统宜兼有高的热利率与(火用)效率,因此,对总能系统进行能分析仍属必要。