基于微流控方法提高致密油渗吸采出程度

致密储层成藏机理复杂、孔喉细小等特点,使得这类储层的开发极具挑战.自发渗吸是致密储层开采过程中的一个重要机理,值得重点关注.根据实际岩心的孔隙结构,利用聚二甲基硅氧烷(polydimethylsiloxane,PDMS)和玻璃薄片设计制作了模拟芯片,结合微流控泵以及高清晰显微镜,对捕捉的图片利用ImageJ软件进行数据处理,可以直接观察到渗吸过程的油水分布,并计算出渗吸采出程度.基于设计的两种孔径分布不同的芯片以及裂缝结构,研究了不同类型的表面活性剂对渗吸采出程度的影响.研究表明:平均孔喉半径越大的芯片,渗吸采出程度越高;裂缝的存在提高了渗吸效果;表面活性剂降低了流体的界面张力,减小黏附功和附加阻力,从而提高渗吸采出程度.     

黄土高原东南部宋家店黄土剖面L9中地磁记录异常

对黄土高原东南部三门峡地区宋家店黄土剖面L8～S12段详细的磁性地层学和岩石磁学研究表明:Matuyama/Brunhes(M/B)界线位于L8黄土层的底部,Jaramillo极性亚时的顶、底界线分别位于L10的中部和L12的底部.黄土和古土壤地层的磁组构保持了原生沉积组构的特点,所记录的剩磁没有遭受到明显的后期扰动.在L9黄土层中记录了2次地磁场异常,认为由重磁化的可能性较小,而磁极性漂移事件的解释更为合理.推算它们的年龄分别与Kamikatsura(0.886Ma)和Santa Rosa(0.922Ma)地磁漂移事件接近,相对古强度研究结果显示,上述地磁漂移事件期间地球磁场强度减弱.     

从关联性记忆错觉的毕生发展看记忆的适应性特质

记忆重构的过程会导致歪曲或错误.关联性记忆错觉是一种最常见的错误记忆,体现了个体在认知资源有限时对语义梗概信息的适应性利用,这是记忆具有适应性特质的一种体现.另一方面,记忆的适应性还体现为在特定的情景需求下,个体能够通过一定的策略(如充分加工项目特异性信息)抑制关联性记忆错觉的发生,以保持精确记忆.本文从利用梗概表征和抑制关联性记忆错觉两种能力的毕生发展透视了记忆的适应性特质的年龄特征.将来可从记忆演化的角度获得更多关于记忆适应性的证据.     

Hidden magnetic excitation in the pseudogap phase of a high-T(c) superconductor

The elucidation of the pseudogap phenomenon of the high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) copper oxides-a set of anomalous physical properties below the characteristic temperature T* and above T(c)-has been a major challenge in condensed matter physics for the past two decades. Following initial indications of broken time-reversal symmetry in photoemission experiments, recent polarized neutron diffraction work demonstrated the universal existence of an unusual magnetic order below T* (refs 3, 4). These findings have the profound implication that the pseudogap regime constitutes a genuine new phase of matter rather than a mere crossover phenomenon. They are furthermore consistent with a particular type of order involving circulating orbital currents, and with the notion that the phase diagram is controlled by a quantum critical point. Here we report inelastic neutron scattering results for HgBa(2)CuO(4+δ) that reveal a fundamental collective magnetic mode associated with the unusual order, and which further support this picture. The mode's intensity rises below the same temperature T* and its dispersion is weak, as expected for an Ising-like order parameter. Its energy of 52-56?meV renders it a new candidate for the hitherto unexplained ubiquitous electron-boson coupling features observed in spectroscopic studies.     

基于核因子分析的捷联惯组稳定性评估技术

当前捷联惯组的稳定性评价方法单一,严重影响了使用单位对捷联惯组的使用效率。针对捷联惯组各个误差系数两次测试之差线性相关性较弱的特点,本文应用统计学习理论中的核化原理将因子分析这一线性特征提取算法推广至非线性特征提取算法,并改进了传统的因子综合评价方法,将其用于捷联惯组的稳定性评估。数值实验结果证明了本文提出的核因子分析方法的有效性。     

A hierarchical multiple criteria model for eliciting relative preferences in conflict situations

A multiple criteria decision analysis(MCDA) approach is designed for capturing the relative preference information of a decision maker involved in a conflict.More specifically,an MCDA approach based on the outranking method,ELECTRE III,is employed for ranking states or possible scenarios in the conflict from most to least preferred,where ties are allowed,for a decision maker according to his or her value system.To demonstrate how this preference elicitation methodology can be conveniently implemented in practice within the framework of the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution,it is applied to a real world water supply crisis which occurred in the town of North Battleford,located in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan.     

福寿螺消化系统的性别差异及摄食行为观察 (动物科学)

采用野外及室内喂养观察、野外采集、室内解剖等方法,对福寿螺(Pomacea canaliculata)消化系统的结构、性别差异及摄食行为进行了全面观察。结果表明：福寿螺消化系统结构独特,咽内具有颚片和齿舌,能够有效摄取食物;唾液腺发达,有助于食物的搅拌、消化和吞咽;胃内壁皱褶较多,具有舌形角质栓和胃盾,有助于容纳和磨碎食物。福寿螺的消化系统具有雌雄差异,雌螺肝脏全部灰色,上面密布黑色花纹;雄螺肝脏顶部黄白色,基部灰黑色。雌螺消化器官的测量指标大于雄螺,与雌螺生长速度大于雄螺相适应;但雄螺的咽长/消化道长、胃长/消化道长显著大于雌螺(p<0.05),肠长/消化道长、肝重/去壳重大于雌螺,食道长/消化道长小于雌螺,可能与雄螺的体型、摄食行为和肠道的消化补偿机制有关。研究认为福寿螺为广食性动物,它的消化系统结构与摄食行为相适应,使之有广泛的适应能力。
     

Late Paleozoic magmatism in South China:Oceanic subduction or intracontinental orogeny?

A gneissic granite with an U-Pb age of 313±4 Ma was found in northeastern Fujian Province,South China.It is an S-type granite characterized by high K2O,Al2O3 and low SiO2,Na2O contents with high A/CNK ratio of 1.22 for the whole rock.Zircons with stubby morphology from the gneissic granite yield 206 Pb/238 U ages ranging from 326 to 301 Ma with a weighted average age of 313±4 Ma,and negative εHf(t) values from -8.35 to -1.74 with Hf model ages (TCDM) of 1.43 to 1.84 Ga.This S-type granite probably originated from late Paleoproterozoic crust in intracontinental orogeny.Integrated with previous results on paleogeographic reconstruction of South China,the nature of Paleozoic basins,Early Permian volcanism and U-Pb-Hf isotope of detrital zircons from the late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic sedimentary rocks,we suggest the occurrence of a late Paleozoic orogeny in the eastern Cathaysia Block,South China.This orogenic cycle includes Late Carboniferous (340-310 Ma) orogeny (compression) episode and Early Permian (287-270 Ma) post-orogenic or intraplate extension episode.Therefore,the late Paleozoic magmatism in the southeastern South China probably occurred during the intraplate orogeny rather than the arc-related process.     

Grenvillian orogeny in the Southern Cathaysia Block: Constraints from U-Pb ages and Lu-Hf isotopes in zircon from metamorphic basement

Metamorphic basement rocks in the Cathaysia Block are composed mainly of meta-sediments with different ages. New zircon U-Pb geochronological results from the meta-sedimentary rocks exposed in the Zengcheng and Hezi areas, southern Cathaysia Block, show that they consist dominantly of early Neoproterozoic （1.0-0.9 Ga） materials with minor Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic and late Neoproterozoic （0.8-0.6 Ga） components, suggesting that the detritus mostly come from a Grenvillian orogen. The youngest detrital zircon ages place a constraint on the deposition time of these sediments in Late Neoproterozoic. Zircon Hf isotopic compositions indicate that the Grenvillian zircons were derived from the reworking of Mesoproterozoic arc magmatic rocks and Paleoproterozoic continental crust, implying an arc-continent collisional setting. Single-peak age spectra and the presence of abundant euhedral Grenvillian zircons suggest that the sedimentary provenance is not far away from the sample location. Thus, the Grenvillian orogen probably preexisted along the southern margin of the Cathaysia Block, or very close to the south. Similarity in the ages of Grenvillian orogeny and the influence of the assembly of Gondwana in South China with India and East Antarctic are discussed, with suggestion that South China was more likely linked with the India-East Antarctica continents in Early Neoproterozoic rather than between western Laurentia and eastern Australia.