氯代苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂的合成

通过重氮化,偶合,还原和烷基化反应合成了７个氯代苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂,在烷基化反应中使用了相转移催化剂三乙基苄基氯化铵。合成的紫外线吸收剂经红外,核磁共振,质谱等确证了结构。测定吸收波长发现引入氯原子使其摩尔消光系数增大,最大吸收波长向长波方向移动。     

基于竞争失效模式的数控机床可靠性建模

数控机床是复杂的机电一体化系统,其故障不仅包括由于机械磨损造成的性能退化失效,还包括电子器件等引起的突发性失效,数控机床故障是退化失效和突发失效竞争的结果. 故本文假设突发失效和退化失效相互独立并且都服从Weibull分布,综合考虑突发失效和性能退化之间的相关性和竞争关系进行数控机床可靠性建模研究. 采用最小二乘估计法估计模型参数,运用D检验法进行参数拟和性检验;得出了一种基于竞争失效模式分析的可靠性评估模型. 最后,以15台某系列数控机床60个故障数据对该方法进行验证,说明了该方法的有效性和可行性.     

高层居住建筑的设计理念

针对新的时代发展要求,提出适应未来发展趋势的高层居住建筑设计理念,指出高层居住建筑要融入大的市场机制,创造舒适、健康、安全的人居环境.     

二氧化碳电化学还原概述

在过去的几十年里,二氧化碳(CO_2)电化学还原技术的迅猛发展越来越引起国际国内的广泛关注。此技术可以利用太阳能、风能、潮汐能等可再生能源及核电/水电的弃电,将温室气体CO_2还原为低碳燃料和有经济价值的化学品。这一技术可以促进废弃物(气体)利用以实现能源储存与转换,变废为宝,被认为是一种绿色环保、有发展潜力的CO_2处置方法。使用的催化剂和电解质不同,CO_2电化学还原过程给出的产物也不尽相同。本文概述了CO_2电化学还原的原理以及催化剂、电解质和反应器的发展现状。     

青藏高原植物物候的变化及其影响

植物物候是植物生活史的周期性循环事件。在气候变化和人类活动的影响下,青藏高原植物物候发生了显著的变化。近年来,青藏高原的物候初始期变化总体表现为返青期和初花期提前、枯黄期推迟的趋势,而果实期则保持相对稳定;增温延长了生长季,主要是通过延长开花等繁殖物候而实现的。青藏高原的物候变化主要受温度、水分和放牧的驱动,暖湿化和适度放牧有利于植物提前或延长物候期,而暖干化则延迟或缩短物候期。物候变化对植物种群、群落、生态系统、农牧区生产以及旅游业(如赏花节)等都会产生显著的影响。然而,目前青藏高原植物物候研究仍然十分缺乏,尤其是物候变化对生态系统结构和功能的影响研究更少。针对当前青藏高原物候研究存在的问题给出了一些建议:在未来的研究中应该尽可能从生理尺度到生态系统尺度的不同视角来研究气候变化和人类活动对物候的影响,以及物候变化对生态系统结构和功能的反馈。     

Genome-wide association studies of 14 agronomic traits in rice landraces

Uncovering the genetic basis of agronomic traits in crop landraces that have adapted to various agro-climatic conditions is important to world food security. Here we have identified ～ 3.6 million SNPs by sequencing 517 rice landraces and constructed a high-density haplotype map of the rice genome using a novel data-imputation method. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 14 agronomic traits in the population of Oryza sativa indica subspecies. The loci identified through GWAS explained ～ 36% of the phenotypic variance, on average. The peak signals at six loci were tied closely to previously identified genes. This study provides a fundamental resource for rice genetics research and breeding, and demonstrates that an approach integrating second-generation genome sequencing and GWAS can be used as a powerful complementary strategy to classical biparental cross-mapping for dissecting complex traits in rice.     

Lysosomal chymotrypsin B potentiates apoptosis via cleavage of Bid

We have reported that chymotrypsin B (CtrB) is not just a digestive enzyme but is also stored in lysosomes. Herein, we demonstrated a broad distribution of CtrB and explored the involvement of CtrB in apoptosis. Exposure of RH-35 cells to H₂O₂ or palmitate induced the redistribution of lysosomal CtrB into the cytoplasm as a result of lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP). Suppression of CtrB significantly blocked apoptosis, while overexpression of CtrB sensitized apoptosis markedly. CtrB could cleave Bid under neutral conditions. In RH-35 cells with Bid silenced, apoptosis induced by CtrB protein was attenuated, suggesting that CtrB mediates apoptosis of RH-35 cells mainly through processing Bid. Our data also suggest that LMP occurs earlier than mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization; Bid activation initiated by caspase-8 might be reinforced by CtrB in consequence of LMP, which causes a positive feedback loop leading to the accumulation of tBid, and results in lysosome- and mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis.     

浅论绿色无锡建设中的绿化仿生问题

本文分析了城市绿化建设中存在的共性问题及可采取的对策,从生态系统生物生产、物质循环、能量流动、信息传递以及构建和谐种群关系5个方面论述了城市绿化应以模拟自然生态系统结构与功能为途径,并指出提高城市绿化仿生水平是实现绿色无锡建设目标的关键.