Construction of Streptomyces lydicus A01 transformant with the chit33 gene from Trichoderma harzianum CECT2413 and its biocontrol effect on Fusaria

Streptomyces lydicus A01 resists many plant pathogens (including Fusarium spp.) by producing the antifungal agent natamycin, which binds to the ergosterol of fungal cell membranes and inhibits the growth of pathogens. Trichoderma harzianum CECT2413 is a widely-distributed soil fungus that antagonizes several plant fungal pathogens (including Fusarium spp.) by producing chi-tinase and degrading chitin, a major component of the fungal cell wall. This study attempted to enhance the biocontrol effect of S. lydicus A01 on Fusarium spp. by transforming the chitinase gene of Trichoderma. Chitinase and natamycin could act synergisti-cally on both the cell walls and cell membranes of pathogens. The 33-kD chitinase-encoding gene (chit33) was cloned and conju-gal-transformed from T. harzianum CECT2413 to S. lydicus A01, and then confirmed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Subsequent analyses using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method and ultraviolet spectrophotometry showed that compared with its wild type strain (WT), the S. lydicus A01 conjugal transformant (CT) with chit33 gene exhibited substantially higher chi-tinase activity and natamycin production. The resistance of S. lydicus A01-chit33 CT and WT to four Fusaria in crops and vegetables was tested via the cup-plate method. Compared with the WT, the conjugal transformant of S. lydicus A01 with chit33 gene from T. harzianum CECT2413 showed greatly increased biocontrol effect on fusarium disease. This study would be beneficial to the development of high-quality antifungal bio-agents for agricultural applications via the synergy between the previously non-existent and pre-existing functions achieved through heterogeneous gene transformation.     

Protease-activated quantum dot probes based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer

A novel sensing system based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between CdTe quantum dots (QDs) and Rhoda-mine B (RB) was established for the detection of matrix metalloproteinases (MMOL/LPs). In this system, 535-nm-emitting quantum dots (QDs) were bound to Rhodamine B (RB) via a MMOL/LP-specific peptide. A 76% reduction in luminescence was achieved because of FRET. Release of RBs by peptide cleavage restores radiative QD photoluminescence. Initial studies observed a 73% rise in luminescence over 60 min. The design platform of the nanosensor is flexible and can be fine-tuned for a wide array of applications such as the detection of biomarkers, early diagnosis of disease, and monitoring therapeutic efficacy simply by changing the sequence of the peptide linker.     

壳斗科栲属种子结构性防御与化学防御的权衡

植物从环境中能得到的资源有限,为了避免其种子被捕食(取食),植物进化出了多种防御方式,包括结构性防御与化学防御.作者对壳斗科栲属11个物种的种子的结构性防御以及化学防御进行了定量的测量分析,发现壳斗科栲属种子在结构性防御和化学防御之间存在权衡关系.即在栲属各个物种间,当结构性防御的投入增加时,化学防御的投入就会下降,结构性防御与化学防御之间呈现负相关关系,栲属种子的各个防御间的权衡关系是存在的;另一方面,不同的物种选择的防御对策不一样,有的物种选择结构性防御,如高山栲,有的物种选择化学防御,如藜蒴栲与苦槠.根据防御对策的差异,提出重新考虑个别物种的分类地位.     

植物内生菌药用研究进展

植物内生菌能产生或生物转化出丰富的药理活性物质,因而成为新研究热点.本文综述了植物内生菌的次生代谢产物的药理活性,以及植物内生菌的生物转化研究.     

迭代法求解相容矩阵方程组A1 X＋ XB1＝ C1，A2 X＋ XB2＝ C2

对任意初始矩阵,在没有舍入误差的情况下,经过有限步迭代得到问题的一个解。若取特殊初始矩阵,则得到问题的极小范数解。解决了对给定矩阵求最佳逼近解的问题。     

RSS在高等教育中的应用研究

随着Intenet信息的不断增长及WEB 2.0技术的发展,RSS技术迅速普及.从RSS的特点入手,论述了RSS在高等教育中的应用优势,指出推广RSS技术面临的困难,提供了相应的解决方案.     

皂化P507体系有机相负载硅对稀土La萃取的影响

在皂化P507萃取稀土过程中,乳化是溶剂萃取中常见的现象,会导致稀土萃取率低和成本升高等.因此,研究了皂化P507体系对Si的萃取,并用负载Si的有机相萃取La,分析Si在两相中的乳化和负载Si的有机相对萃取稀土的影响.结果表明:仅有少量的Si可以进入有机相,Si在两相中的乳化直接影响稀土的萃取效果,当有机相连续与含Si溶液混合四次后,La的萃取量减少了7g/L.负载有机相红外光谱研究表明:Si没有参与皂化P507的萃合反应;水峰和羟基变化说明乳化与萃取过程密切相关.     

基于三位一体的大学英语整体教学模式运用研究

三位一体的大学英语整体教学模式,适应了新大纲提出的“要使学生能以英语为工具交流信息”的要求,注重“教”的系统性,兼顾“学”的完整性和“测”的科学性。它强调了课堂教学方法的综合性,在教学中把听、说、合作精神,把课堂教学内容与课外活动有机结合起来;优化语言输入材料,把语言输入与语言输出有机结合起来;重视测试的信度和效度,把教学效果与测试的反拨效应有机结合起来,从而达到改进学生语言输出水平、提高学生实际应用英语能力这一根本目的,使学生的理解能力和表达能力平衡发展。     

新型2-取代8-羟基喹啉衍生物金属铝配合物的合成、表征及光物理研究

设计合成了2-[（2′-二茂铁基）-乙烯基]-8-羟基喹啉（1）、2-[（2′-BINOL基）-乙烯基]-8-羟基喹啉（2）及其金属铝配合物3和4.通过红外光谱（IR）和核磁共振谱（1 H NMR）等波谱测试技术对其结构进行了表征,结果表明成功实现了目标化合物的合成;通过电子吸收光谱（UV-Vis-NIR）及荧光光谱（EP）对配体1、2以及配合物3、4进行了光物理性质研究.结果显示配体2对Al 3＋离子具有强的选择识别功能,有望成为优良的离子识别添加剂;而配合物3在480nm处发出强蓝光,有望成为一种优良的蓝色电致发光材料.     

Direct assimilation of satellite radiance data in GRAPES variational assimilation system

Variational method is capable of dealing with observations that have a complicated nonlinear relation with model variables representative of the atmospheric state, and so make it possible to directly assimilate such measured variables as satellite radiance, which have a nonlinear relation with the model variables. Assimilation of any type of observations requires a corresponding observation operator, which establishes a specific mapping from the space of the model state to the space of observation. This paper presents in detail how the direct assimilation of real satellite radiance data is implemented in the GRAPES-3DVar analysis system. It focuses on all the components of the observation operator for direct assimilation of real satellite radiance data, including a spatial interpolation operator that transforms variables from model grid points to observation locations, a physical transformation from model variables to observed elements with different choices of model variables, and a data quality control. Assimilation experiments, using satellite radiances such as NOAA17 AMSU-A and AMSU-B （Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit）, are carried out with two different schemes. The results from these experiments can be physically understood and clearly reflect a rational effect of direct assimilation of satellite radiance data in GRAPES-3DVar analysis system.