三峡兴隆洞出土12~15万年前的古人类化石和象牙刻划

在重庆市奉节县兴隆洞发掘出土早期智人牙齿、石器、有人工刻划痕迹的象牙和丰富的哺乳动物化石. 这些材料的种类、特点和埋藏状况说明该洞穴是一处远古人类的居住遗址. 通过出土动物群推断和铀系年代测定, 古人类在该洞穴的生存行为发生在中更新世晚期, 距今12~15万年前. 这是在三峡地区首次发现的早期智人化石. 出现在剑齿象门齿上的刻划纹成组分布, 组成简单而抽象的图案, 是目前所知最早的人类有意识的刻划作品, 对原始艺术的起源和东亚地区现代人类的起源、演化和行为方式的研究具有重要的学术意义.     

含液力耦合器的带式输送机起动特性优化设计

研究了带式输送机在含液力耦合器的驱动系统驱动下起动的动态特性的优化理论和方法，包括优化设计模型的确定，优化设计原理、过程，计算及结果分析程序。     

Effect of hydrogen peroxide on the binding of Merocyanine 540 to human erythrocytes

The fluorescent dye Merocyanine 540 (MC540) is often used as a probe to monitor the molecular packing of phospholipids in the outer leaflet of biomembranes. In a previous study we showed that the increased staining of erythrocytes with a perturbed membrane structure was mainly due to an increase in the fluorescence yield of cell-bound MC540, rather than to an increase of the number of bound molecules. Erythrocytes and ghosts exposed to continuous fluxes of H₂O₂ exhibited pronounced lipid peroxidation. Further, red blood cells subjected to this form of oxidative stress also showed increased staining with MC540. It appeared that this was caused by a strong increase in binding of MC540, together with a slight red shift of the fluorescence emission maximum and a small increase in the fluorescence yield of bound MC540. The changed MC540 binding characteristics were not observed when lipid peroxidation was suppressed by the presence of the antioxidant BHT in the incubation medium. However, open ghosts exposed to H₂O₂ showed no increase of MC540 binding, excluding a direct involvement of lipid peroxidation. Measurement of fluorescence emission spectra and gel filtration studies showed that MC540 can bind to H₂O₂-exposed hemoglobin. Experiments with erythrocytes lysed in hypotonic medium after exposure to H₂O₂ revealed that peroxidation of lipids with H₂O₂ induced a non-specific permeabilization of the plasma membrane to MC540, thereby allowing MC540 to bind to the oxidatively denatured, more hydrophobic hemoglobin. These results indicate that conclusions about packing of phospholipids in the outer leaflet of the membrane based on increased MC540-staining should be drawn with care. Received 27 September 1996; received after revision 5 November 1996; accepted 27 November 1996     

3,5—二卤代—4—羟基苯甲腈的合成

对羟基苯甲酸在溶剂中与尿素反应生成对羟基苯甲腈，产物车溴素和氯酸钠、碘和氯气和反应制得相应的３，５－二卤代－４－羟基苯甲腈。     

E8010纤维素型全位置立向下电焊条的配方设计

根据全位置立向下焊接的特点和要求，在对现有各类焊条渣系的物理性能及工艺性能进行试验分析的基础上，通过大量的试验，确定了具有短渣特性的高氧化钛渣系及高发气量的微晶纤维作为电焊条的基本配方，并加入适量的铁砂，利用其在焊接时冶金化学反应中的放热反应，提高电焊条的熔敷效率。     

塑料注射模具冷却水道CAD

介绍了塑料注射模具冷却水道的计算机辅助设计。本软件为Ｐｃ级，主要应用传热学、化工原理的基本原理，开发设计了模具冷却水道计算模块，并对模具的冷却系统进行设计。     

基于强度组配对设计曲线的简单修正

将相当应变的观点应用到含有一个焊缝裂纹的焊接宽板中，可以看出焊缝金属与母材塑性的差异显著影响其断裂韧性和裂纹扩展驱动力，重要的一点是仅根据断裂韧性或裂纹扩展驱动力来衡量焊接接头非等组配的影响是不够的，如果材料的应力应变曲线合线性硬化规律，得出一个简单的ＣＴＯＤ设计曲线的修正表达式，可以用来预测焊接结构的极限载荷、极限应变或极限裂纹长度。     

A method of quantitatively calculating amount of allochthonous organic carbon in lake sediments

Conclusion The lake sediments have registered the information of palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironment in the lake itself and the regional scale. This also leads to a complexity in study of the palaeolimnology by all kinds of proxies. How to purify these proxies to indicate the palaeoclimate has become a problem to be solved. Most of the proxies can qualitively identify the percentage of allochthonous and autochthonous organic components, e.g. δ¹³c_org CD/TC. The model introduced in this note has provided a method of quantitatively calculating the amount of allochthonous organic carbon. As for determination of regulating parameters, i.e. A1 and As, further work is still in need.     

鼓风机变频调速系统的节能分析

研究了风机、水泵类生产机械采用变频调速来调节风量、流量的节能原理，进行了节约电能的近似计算，同时提出了根据生产机械负载合理选择电机和变频器的容量，给出了相应的计算公式