SEM analysis of the changes of carbon layer structure of mesocarbon microbeads heat-treated at different temperatures

Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) with narrow size distribution, excellent sphericity and no obvious conglutination have been prepared with a coal tar pitch containing quinoline insolubles (QI) as the raw material. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to examine the structure of the MCMB. It has been found that SEM technique shows the structural information of MCMB clearly in the form of micrographs even when the structure of MCMB is complex, while the optical technique is useful for analysis of the regular structure of the mesophase spheres but cannot be effectively used to analyze either the complex structure of the green MCMB or the structures of the further heat-treated ones at different temperatures. According to the characteristics of the carbon layers, the structures of the as-prepared MCMB in the present experiment could be classified as (I) Parallel Layer type structure and (2) Bent Layer type structure with the carbon layers gathering at one or two points in the MCMB. In the experiments, SEM is also utilized to investigate the structures of MCMB that are heat-treated at different temperatures. It has been found that the MCMB without any further heat-treatment show no layered-carbons, while the ones heat-treated at temperaturehigher than 1000℃ exhibit obvious layered carbons across their sections. When increasing the heat-treatment temperature, the carbon layers become thinner and flatter.     

SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages of garnet pyroxenite and Fushui gabbroic complex in Songshugou region and constraints on tectonic evolution of Qinling Orogenic Belt

“Qinling Group (?)” in Songshugou region in the north of the Shangdan Fault consists predominantly of amphibolite with or without garnet and amphibole-plagioclase gneiss and intercalated with lensiod blocks of garnet pyroxenite, where the famous Songshugou dunite body occurs (Fig. 1). Petrographic study reveals that garnet pyroxenite is the representative rock of early     

Analysis of carbon isotopes in airborne carbonate and implications for aeolian sources

Methods were developed to determine the mass ratios of carbon isotopes in trace amounts of aerosol carbonate. A Finnigan MAT 252 mass spectrometer fitted with an on-line Kiel device was to determine the ^13C/^12C ratio in CO2 produced from the carbonate. A study using these methods was conducted to characterize the carbonate carbon isotopes in aerosol samples collected in Xi‘an on dusty and normal days during March and April 2002. Results of the study demonstrate that insights into the origin of the dust can be deduced from its isotopic composition. That is, the δ^13C ofcarbonate for dust storm samples ranged from -1.4‰ to -4.2‰, and this is consistent with sandy materials in dust source regions upwind. In contrast, for non-dusty days δ^13C ranged from -7.5% to -9.3‰, which is more similar to fine particles emitted from local surface soils. Comparisons of dust storm aerosols with surface soils from source regions and with aerosol samples collected downwind indicate that the δ^13C values did not change appreciably during longrange transport. Therefore, carbon isotopes have the potential for distinguishing among source materials, and this approach provides a powerful new tool for identifying dust provenance.     

An SNP polymorphism（-844C／T） in the promoter of catalase gene leads to differential expression

Imbalance of redox state has been associated with human diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, Huntington‘s disease and Alzheimer‘s disease. Catalase, an important antioxidant enzyme, decomposes H202 into O2 and H2O, therefore limiting the deleterious effect of the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previous study showed that a C-T polymorphism, located at -844 bp from the translational start site of catalase, is strongly associated with essential hypertension in an isolated Chinese population of Xiangchang country, Anhui Province. To explore the impact of SNP-844C/T on the expression of catalase, human catalase promoters containing either SNP-844C or T variant were subcloned into the pGL3Basic luciferase vector.     

Photocatalytic effect of nature and modified V-bearing rutile

A natural rutile TiO2, which displays photocatalysis on degrading halohydrocarbon pollutants, was reported. The rutile contains up to 1.22% V2O5 (weight percent). Substitutions of Ti by V, as well as Fe, Cu and Zn, result in lattice distortions and defects. Grinding, heating and quenching modify the surface characteristics of ruffle, and consequently increase its photoactivity. It is found that the heating and quenching treatments enhance visible-light absorption of ruffle, especially at 1000 and 1100℃. Ground rutile is effective to degrade tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethylene. While, heating at 1000℃, and quenching at 1000 and 1100℃ distinctly improve degradation rate of samples. The special properties of the natural rutile have particular capabilities in photocatalytic oxidation, especially in degradation of halohydrocarbons.     

壬基酚对鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)巨噬细胞的免疫毒性

从鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)头肾中分离巨噬细胞，体外暴露雌二醇和壬基酚后，用MTT法测定它们对鲫鱼巨噬细胞增殖的影响，用化学发光法测定它们对鲫鱼巨噬细胞呼吸爆发的影响，评价壬基酚的免疫毒性，并与天然激素雌二醇的免疫效应相比较．结果表明，雌二醇对鲫鱼巨噬细胞的增殖有明显的诱导作用，壬基酚对鲫鱼巨噬细胞增殖在低浓度表现为诱导作用，高浓度表现为抑制作用．雌二醇、壬基酚对鲫鱼巨噬细胞呼吸爆发有明显的诱导作用．研究结果表明壬基酚对鲫鱼具有潜在的免疫毒性．与天然激素雌二醇的免疫作用效应比较，进一步证明了壬基酚的弱雌激素活性．     

多不饱和脂肪酸对谷氨酸诱导的大鼠海马神经细胞损伤的双重影响

通过测定原代培养的谷氨酸诱导的受损海马神经的细胞存活率,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性,以及谷胱甘肽和一氧化氮的水平,研究多不饱和脂肪酸,如二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid,DHA)、花生四烯酸(arachidonic acid,AA),对大鼠海马神经细胞损伤的影响.海马神经元用神经特异性烯醇化酶进行鉴定.研究发现:(1)DHA 5～50 mg/L能有效的对抗谷氨酸诱导的海马神经细胞的损害作用.表现在细胞存活率、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性较谷氨酸处理组明显提高,NO水平降低,谷胱甘肽含量与对照组相比变化不大.(2)5 mg/LAA对损伤没有影响,而30和50 mg/LAA对损伤具有加重作用,其细胞存活率、GSH-Px活性、GSH水平较谷氨酸处理组明显降低.结果表明,多不饱和脂肪酸对谷氨酸诱导的神经细胞损伤具有双重作用.     

二十二碳六烯酸乙酯对沙土鼠缺血再灌注脑损伤及水肿作用的研究

研究二十二碳六烯酸乙酯(E-DHA)对沙土鼠缺血再灌注脑损伤及其脑水肿的影响.选用雄性断奶沙土鼠灌胃给予二十二碳六烯酸乙酯(150 mg/(kg·d))或等体积溶媒10周,阻断沙土鼠双侧颈总动脉血流10 min,造成缺血再灌注模型;测定再灌注后脑组织中丙二醛(MDA)水平,还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,超歧化氧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和钾、钠-ATP酶(Na ,K -ATPase)活性,脑水含量,钠、钾离子浓度及海马CA1区神经细胞存活百分数.结果表明:E-DHA预处理显著降低缺血再灌注沙土鼠脑组织MDA水平,阻止GSH含量、GSH-PX和Na ,K -ATPase活性下降,而对SOD的活性未表现出明显作用;E-DHA亦调节缺血再灌注沙土鼠脑组织钠、钾离子浓度,减轻缺血再灌注所致的脑水肿和神经细胞死亡.提示E-DHA对脑缺血再灌注脑损伤有显著保护作用,机制可能其与抗氧化作用有关.     

基于编队卫星的SAR高方位向分辨率成像

针对编队卫星被动工作方式下提高SAR方位向分辨率的构型,在建立信号回波模型和详细分析提高方位向分辨率原理的基础上,提出了对基线的要求及频谱合成算法。该算法充分利用了编队卫星SAR系统中不同接收机的视角信息,有效地完成了多组不同多普勒位置的信号相干合成,实现了系统分辨率的提高。计算机仿真结果表明该算法具有良好的性能。     

基于相关矩阵对角化和遗传算法的盲源分离法

提出了一种新的基于相关矩阵对角化的代价函数作为衡量输出信号独立性的测度。为了扩大搜索空间,降低各信源之间的互相关性,将代价函数进行了非线性变换。还提出了利用实数编码的遗传算法对代价函数进行最优化搜索,以克服传统梯度搜索方法容易陷入局部收敛的缺点。此方法不仅适用于平稳或非平稳信号,而且还可用于瞬时或卷积混和模型的盲源分离问题。仿真实验表明,该算法具有快速收敛性能和高精确度等优点,能够大大提高分离后的输出信噪比。