Role of locust <Emphasis Type="Italic">Locusta migratoria manilensis</Emphasis> claws and pads in attaching to substrates

The present study attempts to investigate the role of rigid claws and smooth adhesive pads in the locust Locusta migratoria manilensis,when attaching to various substrates.We measured the attachment forces on sandpaper and silicate glass plate of locusts with intact attachment system,and those with either the pretarsal claws or the tarsal pads having been entirely destroyed,to explore the role of pads and claws when a locust is walking on various substrates.To obtain information about morphological characteristics and material properties of the claws,we examined the intact and fractured claws by scanning electron microscopy,and tested the fractural force in a fracture experiment.We proposed a mechanical model for locust climbing on a slanting surface to analyze the conduction and final result of the attachment forces generated by the attachment organs on the fore-,mid-and hindlegs.Attachment forces generated by locusts with destroyed pads were similar to those generated by locusts with intact attachment system on both substrates,which presumably indicated that the claws have a significantly important role when attaching to various substrates.The result of the fracture experiment demonstrated that the claws are made of relatively stiff material,and their shear strength ranged between 39-45 MPa.Mechanical analysis of locust climbing on slanting surface showed that the force generated by the hindlegs suspended the whole body of locust up from the surface and pushed the body forward,while the midlegs steadily suspended the centre of gravity and the forelegs pulled the suspended body forward.The results obtained contribute to the further interpretation of the interaction mechanisms between insect attachment system and substrates,and supply information for designing and manufacturing slippery plates for trapping plague locusts.     

Potential influence of water level changes on energy flows in a lake food web

Large seasonal water-level fluctuations may influence isotopic signatures of primary producers and the types and amounts of these potential food sources accessible to aquatic fauna of Poyang Lake,the largest freshwater lake in China.In this study,the isotopic signatures of primary producers and consumers were determined,stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis and mixing models were combined to investigate the influence of water levels on the diet and isotopic composition of Poyang Lake fish and inverteb...     

高清晰度电视系统三维色域研究

根据相加混色原理,建立了常规色域的三维数学模型,在CIE1976LUV三维色度系统与Pointer物体真实表面色色域作了色度学比较.结果表明,常规HDTV传输系统之所以不能传输或重显全部Pointer色域,并不单纯因为色域范围小,两个色域涵盖的颜色范围有差别也是重要原因.这对需要从三维和颜色覆盖范围方面研究色域问题具有...     

光化学沉积Ag纳米颗粒改性二氧化钛纳米管阵列的光催化及光电响应能力研究

利用电化学阳极氧化法制备出了高度致密,有序的二氧化钛纳米管阵列(TiNT).通过光化学沉积方法在二氧化钛纳米管表面沉积了Ag金属颗粒,并用SEM进行了表征,Ag颗粒的半径在100~500 nm之间.通过对光化学沉积后的TiNT样品进行光电响应和光催化降解测试发现:紫外光照射下改性样品的光电响应能力和光催化降解能力都有不同程度的提高,但在可见光下仍不具备光电响应能力和催化降解能力.     

室内信道中多极化MIMO系统的容量

针对室内多径信道,提出一种研究系统信道容量的方法,利用结合信道特征设计的三维多极化测量系统测量信道中多径入射信号的三维空间分布,代入天线方向图与入射信号进行空间积分计算出系统容量。利用该方法和系统对典型室内环境进行了测量,研究了真实的三极化天线组成的MIMO(multiple-input-multiple-output)系统的容量和摆放方向对多极化天线系统容量的影响。结果表明:三极化系统具有比单极化系统更优越的性能,可以利用该特性对室内环境中多极化MIMO系统的设计和布局进行优化以实现更高的系统容量。     

液氮洗工艺的多目标遗传算法优化

为了优化大化肥中的液氮洗关键流程以提高能量效率、控制CO2排放,在使用Aspen Plus软件对某低温液氮洗工艺进行模拟分析的基础上,结合多目标遗传算法和二次规划法(MOGA-QP)来解决局部极值和大规模优化问题.根据超结构方法,构建了液氮洗工艺流程总结构,即在原流程中加入了一个减压阀和一个分离器,由此可以增补29.546 kJ/kg冷量,使得液氮洗涤塔出口净化气中的CO体积分数为0.55×10-6.利用MOGA-QP求解了超结构,即在进化过程中用二次规划法来模拟流程表单的各个子模块,在最终收敛的环节用二次规划法求解子问题,从而对遗传算法产生的Pareto解做进一步的精细优化.实际应用显示:在满足工艺指标的前提下,优化后的液氮入口流量减至0.131 2 kmol/s,出口CO体积分数降至0.25×10-6,液氮入口流量减少了1.7%,火用损失减少了15.7%,表明改进流程更佳,MOGA-QP算法有效.     

青海省不同海拔地区药用植物野薄荷叶片光合色素含量和抗氧化酶活性研究

采用常规生理指标测定方法对生长于青海民和、西宁和湟源3个不同海拔地区药用植物野薄荷叶片光合色素含量和抗氧化酶活性指标进行了比较研究.结果显示:(1)叶片厚度产地湟源＞民和＞西宁,且产地西宁与民和、湟源间差异显著(P＜0.01);(2)随着产地海拔升高,叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量呈现上升趋势,而叶绿素a/b和叶黄素/叶绿素(...     

高黎贡山赧亢白眉长臂猿春秋季活动范围变化

以云南省高黎贡山国家级自然保护区赧亢片区为研究地点,对1雌1雄1幼组成的白眉长臂猿家群展开为期4个月的持续跟踪.春季和秋季分别获得7个和5个全天跟踪数据,有效跟踪时间达176.0 h.白眉长臂猿有相对固定的夜栖区和取食区,春季活动区域面积仅占秋季活动区域面积的45.9%.春季白眉长臂猿的夜栖区和取食区集中在草果种植区内...     

碟形弹簧对电机止推轴承的影响

潜油电机是一个立式悬挂电机,为承受转子的重量,使电机转子在固定的位置工作,电机上部有一个止推轴承.其工作原理是:止推轴承动静块组成一对摩擦副,在运转过程中,润滑油能在摩擦表面形成一层连续稳定的压力油膜,有效地隔离金属之间的相互接触及干摩擦,以承受转子的轴向力.止推轴承下部有一个碟形弹簧,它支撑着止推轴承,可以卸载转子的轴向载荷,起到减震、缓冲的作用,使止推轴承在高速运转中可以保持平衡和稳定.止推轴承对电机的工作性能(动力性、经济性以及稳定性等)和使用寿命有着举足轻重的影响.     

浅谈道路软基处理方法与施工质量控制措施

软土地基具有天然含水量大、空隙比大、压缩性高、抗剪强度低等特点.文章结合工程实例做出定性定量分析,同时提出相关的解决措施,以使地基固结,提高地基承载力,从而满足道路施工质量要求.