论美国文学中的宿命论

在新自然哲学的影响下．宿命论应运而生。宿命论本身也经历一个从非理性到理性的发展过程，并反映在这一时期的美国文学中。本文从德莱塞、麦尔维尔、奥尼尔等作家的作品切入，结合历史背景，探讨宿命论在关国文学中的反映和发展。     

桩周摩阻力的试验分析

桩周摩阻力、桩底反力与位移和土质有关.通过桩的静栽试验和对桩周摩阻力,桩底反力测试,并对试验数据进行分析,获得了在复杂地质条件下,基桩的荷载传递特性,桩土作用特点,桩周摩阻力及桩底反力发挥特性.在此基础上评估桩的承栽能力,可作为在复杂地质条件下进行桩基工程设计和施工的参考.     

法律诊所教育的困境与出路

法学的职业性特征本身决定了法律实践的重要性。而诊所式法律教育就是一种行之有效的实践性教学方法。但是,在教学实践中,诊所式法律教育却面临诸多困境。本文通过对法律诊所教育所面临困境的分析,进一步探讨解决的对策。     

弹性碰撞的图示分析法

通过引入牵连动量和相对动量等物理量,用图示分析法研究了弹性碰撞.研究结果表明,该方法可以形象而直观地描述弹性碰撞的过程和结果,对弹性碰撞的理论研究和实际应用都有重要的意义.     

Framework for dissection of complex cytonuclear epistasis by a two-dimensional genome scan

Epistasis between cytoplasmic and nuclear genes is the primary genetic component of complex quantitative traits.Genetic dissection of cytonuclear epistasis is fundamentally important to understand the genetic architecture of complex traits.In this study,a two-dimensional genome scan strategy was employed to evaluate the contribution of cytoplasm,quantitative trait loci (QTL),QTL×QTL interactions and QTL×QTL×cytoplasm interactions to the phenotypic variation.The p-value and parameter value for each genetic effect were calculated by multiple regression analysis.A stepwise approach was suggested to build confidence in candidate QTL on the basis of q-value estimation,false discovery rate calculation and Bonferroni adjustment.A fine-scale grid scan strategy was proposed for further analysis of peaks of interest.Plant height in maize was used as an example to illustrate the efficiency of the two-dimensional genome scan strategy.     

Redox modulated hydrogelation of a self-assembling short peptide amphiphile

Hydrogels resulting from the self-assembly of small peptides are smart nanobiomaterials as their nanostructuring can be readily tuned by environmental stimuli such as pH,ionic strength and temperature,thereby favoring their practical applications.This work reports experimental observations of formation of peptide hydrogels in response to the redox environment.Ac-I 3 K-NH 2 is a short peptide amphiphile that readily self-assembles into long nanofibers and its gel formation occurs at concentrations of about 10 mmol/L.Introduction of a Cys residue into the hydrophilic region leads to a new molecule,Ac-I 3 CGK-NH 2,that enables the formation of disulfide bonds between self-assembled nanofibers,thus favoring cross-linking and promoting hydrogel formation.Under oxidative environment,Ac-I 3 CGK-NH 2 formed hydrogels at much lower concentrations(even at 0.5 mmol/L).Furthermore,the strength of the hydrogels could be easily tuned by switching between oxidative and reductive conditions and time.However,AFM,TEM,and CD measurements revealed little morphological and structural changes at molecular and nano dimensions,showing no apparent influence arising from the disulfide bond formation.     

荧光标记的叶酸修饰壳聚糖纳米载体研制

制备荧光标记的叶酸偶联壳聚糖纳米粒,为抗肿瘤药物给药系统提供载体材料。通过叶酸活性酯与壳聚糖上的氨基反应,使叶酸与壳聚糖偶联。将异硫氰基荧光素与叶酸偶联壳聚糖进行化学嫁接,以离子交联法制成具有荧光的叶酸偶联壳聚糖纳米粒,并与肝癌HepG2细胞进行体外细胞实验。实验结果表明:叶酸活性酯用量和反应温度及试剂滴加速度是影响偶联比的主要因素;在叶酸活性酯与壳聚糖用量质量比为1:1,反应温度为30℃,滴加速度为2mL/min,反应时间为12h的条件下可得到偶联稳定的叶酸偶联壳聚糖;所制得的纳米粒粒径为290nm,形态规则,细胞荧光效果明显;此方法能用于制备荧光标记的叶酸修饰壳聚糖纳米粒载体。     

清末民国免费师范生制度引起的思考

从清末民国的免费师范生制度的具体内容,尤其是有关服务期问题的相关政策,以及这一制度施行的实际效果和存在的问题,有助于更好的完善当今的免费师范教育的角度,主要通过考察清末民国时期的免费师范生制度及存在问题,探讨其为当今免费师范教育留下的极具借鉴意义的经验教训,从而为当今免费师范生制度的改进提出一些建议。     

Control of cell growth: Rag GTPases in activation of TORC1

The target of rapamycin (TOR) is a central regulator controlling cell growth. TOR is highly conserved from yeast to mammals, and is deregulated in human cancers and diabetes. TOR complex 1 (TORC1) integrates signals from growth factors, cellular energy status, stress, and amino acids to control cell growth, mitochondrial metabolism, and lipid biosynthesis. The mechanisms of growth factors and cellular energy status in regulating TORC1 have been well established, whereas the mechanism by which amino acid induces TORC1 remains largely unknown. Recent studies revealed that Rag GTPases play a central role in the regulation of TORC1 activation in response to amino acids. In this review, we will discuss the recent progress in our understanding of Rag GTPase-regulated TORC1 activation in response to amino acids. Particular focus will be given to the function of Rag GTPases in TORC1 activation and how Rag GTPases are regulated by amino acids.