The growth plate’s response to load is partially mediated by mechano-sensing via the chondrocytic primary cilium

Mechanical load plays a significant role in bone and growth-plate development. Chondrocytes sense and respond to mechanical stimulation; however, the mechanisms by which those signals exert their effects are not fully understood. The primary cilium has been identified as a mechano-sensor in several cell types, including renal epithelial cells and endothelium, and accumulating evidence connects it to mechano-transduction in chondrocytes. In the growth plate, the primary cilium is involved in several regulatory pathways, such as the non-canonical Wnt and Indian Hedgehog. Moreover, it mediates cell shape, orientation, growth, and differentiation in the growth plate. In this work, we show that mechanical load enhances ciliogenesis in the growth plate. This leads to alterations in the expression and localization of key members of the Ihh-PTHrP loop resulting in decreased proliferation and an abnormal switch from proliferation to differentiation, together with abnormal chondrocyte morphology and organization. Moreover, we use the chondrogenic cell line ATDC5, a model for growth-plate chondrocytes, to understand the mechanisms mediating the participation of the primary cilium, and in particular KIF3A, in the cell’s response to mechanical stimulation. We show that this key component of the cilium mediates gene expression in response to mechanical stimulation.     

Massive glycosaminoglycan-dependent entry of Trp-containing cell-penetrating peptides induced by exogenous sphingomyelinase or cholesterol depletion

Among non-invasive cell delivery strategies, cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) vectors represent interesting new tools. To get fundamental knowledge about the still debated internalisation mechanisms of these peptides, we modified the membrane content of cells, typically by hydrolysis of sphingomyelin or depletion of cholesterol from the membrane outer leaflet. We quantified and visualised the effect of these viable cell surface treatments on the internalisation efficiency of different CPPs, among which the most studied Tat, R₉, penetratin and analogues, that all carry the N-terminal biotin-Gly₄ tag cargo. Under these cell membrane treatments, only penetratin and R₆W₃ underwent a massive glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-dependent entry in cells. Internalisation of the other peptides was only slightly increased, similarly in the absence or the presence of GAGs for R₉, and only in the presence of GAGs for Tat and R₆L₃. Ceramide formation (or cholesterol depletion) is known to lead to the reorganisation of membrane lipid domains into larger platforms, which can serve as a trap and cluster receptors. These results show that GAG clustering, enhanced by formation of ceramide, is efficiently exploited by penetratin and R₆W₃, which contains Trp residues in their sequence but not Tat, R₉ and R₆L₃. Hence, these data shed new lights on the differences in the internalisation mechanism and pathway of these peptides that are widely used in delivery of cargo molecules.     

π干涉学中拟合参数可靠度的分析

分析高能核核碰撞中的π干涉学的拟合参数—源的半径、寿命和相干参数之间的关系,以及q0截断对半径的影响和4π数据对寿命不敏感的原因.     

基于烟花算法的基站群协作计算卸载模型研究

车联网、AR、AI等计算密集、时延敏感型应用迅速发展,而移动设备因自身计算能力相对不足,执行此类应用任务时会因高时延而严重影响用户体验甚至无法满足用户需求。针对此问题,提出综合考虑时延与成本的多用户、多MEC (mobile edge computing)服务器的基站群协作计算卸载模型。并提出基于凸优化的改进烟花算法（improved fireworks algorithm based on convex optimization, CVX-FWA）来对模型进行求解,对用户任务进行合理的卸载与资源分配。仿真结果表明,提出的计算卸载方案有效降低了任务总时延成本值,实现计算卸载资源的整体优化配置。     

基于加权主成分分析和改进密度峰值聚类的协同训练算法

[目的]针对协同训练算法在视图分割时未考虑噪声影响和两视图分类器对无标记样本标注不一致问题,提出了基于加权主成分分析和改进密度峰值聚类的协同训练算法.[方法]首先引入加权主成分分析对数据进行预处理,通过寻求初始有标记样本中特征和类标记之间的依赖关系求得各特征加权系数,再对加权变换后的数据进行降维并提取高贡献度特征进行视...     

统一碳税和差异化碳税下的再制造绩效评价

分别在无碳税、统一碳税和差异化碳税三种政策下,构建了垄断制造商的利润最大化决策模型,研究实施不同碳税政策对制造商的再制造生产决策、碳排放和社会福利的影响.研究表明:相比于无碳税政策,政府征收碳税减少了制造商的利润和碳排放,在一定条件下有利于提高社会福利;实施碳税政策有利于鼓励更多类型的制造商参与再制造,并且差异化碳税比...     

松香型成核透明剂在聚丙烯中增透效果的研究

实验研究了松香型成核剂在聚丙烯(PP)中成核增透效果的影响因素,并通过偏光显微镜(PLM)和差热扫描量热分析(DSC)探讨了其中原因.     

大规模网络中基于FFT的呼叫阻塞率的快速算法

在大规模网络条件下,Kaufman提出的一维递推快速呼叫阻塞率（CBP）算法由于其呼叫阻塞率的计算将导致系统计算溢出,改进的Kaufman方案虽然消除了计算溢出,但是其计算时间随网络规模的变大呈指数增长．有鉴于此,文中提出了一种基于快速傅立叶变换（FFT）方法和计算溢出避免预处理机制的呼叫阻塞率快速计算方法．仿真结果表明,该算法消除了计算溢出且降低了计算复杂度,具有计算简单、无误差、速度快的优点．     

发展杭州市畜牧业的若干建议

畜牧业是现代农业的重要组成部分,关系到农民增收、城乡畜产品供给和社会公共卫生。为了实施好畜牧业“十一五”发展规划,促进杭州市畜牧业进一步纳入科学发展的轨道,实现可持续发展,特提出如下建议。一、杭州畜牧养殖业的发展情况2004年,杭州市肉、蛋、奶、蜂生产总量为47.78万吨,产值45.76亿元,占农业总产值的21.97%;2005年受高致病性禽流感和生猪价格一度下滑的影响,畜牧业产值持平略增。从全国看,杭州市畜禽养殖不是一个大市。北京、天津、长春、哈尔滨、广州、青岛、石家庄等市畜产品年产量均在100万吨以上,产值90亿以上。例如哈尔滨市…