Palaeogene fossil <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus</Emphasis> leaves from Lanzhou Basin and their palaeoclimatic significance

An angiosperm compression flora is found in Palaeogene from Lanzhou Basin and the cuticular analysis of Populus davidiana Dode in the flora is carefully made. Furthermore, the fossil cuticles are compared with the epidermal structures of extant Populus leaves growing in different environments, i.e. moist, semimoist, and semiarid to arid climatic regions. The present experiments indicate that mature leaves of P. davidiana show leaf size from big to small, leaf cuticles from thick to thin and anticlinal walls of epidermal cells from faintness to clarity along with the increase of lattudes of the plant distributions, the climatic variation from moist to arid, the annual precipitation from more to less and the annual mean temperature from high to low. The fossil P. davidiana differs from the specimens collected from Shandan in semiarid to arid climatic regions but closely resembles the Wushan leaves in a semi-moist climatic area in a lot of features. In a word, the new research may reflect that the flora lives in a semi-moist climatic environment. The present discovery of compression of Paleogene Populus davidiana is of great significance to studying vegetation types, climatic and environmental changes during the primal uplifting of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.     

Influence of the Gulf Stream on the troposphere

The Gulf Stream transports large amounts of heat from the tropics to middle and high latitudes, and thereby affects weather phenomena such as cyclogenesis and low cloud formation. But its climatic influence, on monthly and longer timescales, remains poorly understood. In particular, it is unclear how the warm current affects the free atmosphere above the marine atmospheric boundary layer. Here we consider the Gulf Stream's influence on the troposphere, using a combination of operational weather analyses, satellite observations and an atmospheric general circulation model. Our results reveal that the Gulf Stream affects the entire troposphere. In the marine boundary layer, atmospheric pressure adjustments to sharp sea surface temperature gradients lead to surface wind convergence, which anchors a narrow band of precipitation along the Gulf Stream. In this rain band, upward motion and cloud formation extend into the upper troposphere, as corroborated by the frequent occurrence of very low cloud-top temperatures. These mechanisms provide a pathway by which the Gulf Stream can affect the atmosphere locally, and possibly also in remote regions by forcing planetary waves. The identification of this pathway may have implications for our understanding of the processes involved in climate change, because the Gulf Stream is the upper limb of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, which has varied in strength in the past and is predicted to weaken in response to human-induced global warming in the future.     

数控车床加工椭圆类非圆曲线宏程序应用

为方便加工零件上不同位置的椭圆轮廓,采用坐标系平移与坐标系旋转的方法,将给定椭圆表达式所在的原坐标系与数控车床工件坐标系建立联系.并通过实例进行粗车循环与宏程序联合编程,完成零件加工.提出的坐标系平移与坐标系旋转方法,可方便地对不同位置的椭圆轮廓在数控车床工件坐标系中建立新的表达式,该方法数学计算简单,适用于各类、不同位置非圆曲线的宏程序编写.     

一种混沌神经网络及其在优化计算中的应用

研究了一种具有混沌特性的神经网络 ,该网络具有瞬态混沌响应 ,类似于Hopfield网络的结构 ,但有比Hopfield网络更加丰富的动力学特征、更强的全局搜索能力。通过把混沌动力学与收敛动力学相结合 ,使网络逐渐由混沌神经网络向Hopfield网络过渡 ,达到控制混沌的目的 ,并且提供一个在全局最优解附近的初值 ,有效地解决了Hopfield网络的局部极值问题。该网络模型可以用来解决复杂的非线性优化问题。     

D-S证据理论中的证据组合

Dem pster证据组合规则在 D- S证据理论中将几组相互独立的证据融合 ,得到一组新的证据。Dempster证据组合规则在 D- S证据理论中起着十分重要的作用。在对 Dempster证据组合规则进行分析的基础上 ,提出了一组更加一般化的证据组合规则 ,即证据的逻辑运算及基于相似性加权的证据组合规则。它们具有与Dempster证据组合规则不同的性质和应用背景     

基于机器人检测的引水隧洞结构缺陷特征分析

利用机器人对水工隧洞进行检测是解决引水隧洞斜井段安全巡检的有效手段。采用爬行机器人搭载三维激光扫描仪及高清摄像装备对引水隧洞进行结构巡检,通过三维点云处理与缺陷数据拼接获取引水隧洞断面的缺陷信息,并结合缺陷数据处理成果分析引水隧洞结构缺陷特征及分布规律,实现了引水隧洞表观缺陷形态不规则、分布不均、多种缺陷共存的巡检与分析。结果表明：引水隧洞内存在的缺陷包括裂缝、渗漏、漏筋等,上平段缺陷数量明显多于斜井段,其中裂缝是最主要的缺陷类型。上平段裂缝主要分布在洞顶位置,多以垂直洞轴线的横线裂缝存在;斜井段裂缝均匀分布在洞周各个位置,走向以斜向裂缝居多。可见,上平段和斜井段缺陷数量和裂缝特征均存在较大差异,在后期的安全巡检过程中更应该主要关注裂缝的扩展情况。     

ZIP回归模型的局部影响诊断

基于EM算法和完全数据对数似然的条件期望,分别研究了ZIP回归模型在加权扰动、解释变量扰动和响应变量扰动下的局部影响诊断问题,得到了相应的诊断统计量．最后通过一个实例说明诊断统计量的有效性。     

基于支持向量机的图像检索主动学习方法

为解决基于内容的图像检索中训练集样本过小问题,本文提出一种结合相关反馈和支持向量机的主动学习算法,首先计算未标注样本到分类超平面的距离以及与当前训练集中样本的余弦距离和,然后取具有总的最大余弦距离同时到超平面距离最短的样本加入训练集,通过增加最具信息的样本到训练集,使得分类器可通过少量反馈次数而快速达到较高的准确性.试验表明,本文算法能有效提高分类器的分类精度和泛化能力,在减少评价样本数量的前提下,可快速收敛于用户定义的目标查询概念.     

低温解烃菌T7-2分类鉴定及治理海洋石油污染的条件优化

从渤海油船泄漏区域的海底泥中筛选到一株能降解柴油的低温解烃菌T7-2,初步鉴定为红平红球菌(Rhodococcus erythropolis).该菌在接种到以柴油为碳源的海水中,通过补加少量氮、磷盐及微量酵母粉,15℃振荡培养7 d,降解率达到60.14%.采用响应面法(RSM)对补加营养进行了优化.方差分析表明二阶多项式模型是适合的,回归分析得到了相应的参数.T检验证明(NH4)2SO4、Na2HPO4.和酵母粉均是影响柴油降解的显著性因素.优化的补加营养条件为(NH4)2SO4为2.53 g/L、Na2HPO4为2.75 g/L和酵母粉为10.19 mg/L,验证实验和预期一致,优化后降解率达到75.09%,比优化前提高了25%.     

可持续发展视阈下的甘肃农业水资源利用

近年来,甘肃农业在水资源利用方面取得了一定的成绩,总结了许多经验,对推动甘肃农业发展和促进农民增收起到了积极作用。但是,当前甘肃农业水资源利用依然存在着诸多问题和矛盾。从甘肃农业水资源利用的现状入手,针对不同区域特点从理顺机制、完善制度、研发技术、转变发展模式4个方面提出了加强甘肃省农业水资源利用的对策和建议。