固体酸催化剂催化酯化反应研究(Ⅱ)——液相酯化反应的动力学及机理

研究了以改性离子交换树脂为催化剂时的乙酸/正丁醇液相酯化反应动力学.实验结果表明,在给定条件下的反应为表观一级反应,124℃时的反应表现速率常数为3.5×10~(-2)min~(-1),且反应为—复杂反应.依据实验结果,提出了固体酸催化剂作用下的液相酯化反应机理.     

焊缝熔透检测及控制的国内外发展概况

介绍了国内外关于焊缝熔透自动控制的发展概况，对各类焊缝熔透控制方法进行了分析，为了解焊缝熔透自动控制提供了一定的参考价值．     

神经网络参数对地震类型识别的影响

由于震源识别模型判据选取不当或关键参数设置不合理,现有地震辨识模型的性能受到一定制约。为了改善地震类型识别效果,优化反向传播(back propagation, BP)神经网络参数设置,提出了一种经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition, EMD)多尺度近似熵(multi-scale approximate entropy)判据,并讨论训练函数、激活函数、隐藏层神经元数目与学习速率等网络参数对地震辨识的影响。首先,针对多组天然地震事件及人工爆破事件波形进行关键信息提取与归一化,利用EMD算法提取6个本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function, IMF)和1个剩余分量(residual),然后分别计算近似熵得到EMD多尺度近似熵向量;再次,设计一系列BP神经网络调参实验,研究BP神经网络参数对地震类型识别的影响。结果表明,训练函数、激活函数、隐藏层数目等参数对地震辨识产生了明显的影响,辨识效果较好的参数组合为：训练函数采用共轭梯度法,输出层激励函数为purelin函数,隐层激励函数为logsig函数,隐层节点数和学习率分别设置为10和0.0...     

刘少奇、邓小平经济民主思想之比较

刘少奇、邓小平结合自己的学习和实践,集中群众的集体智慧和经验,创造性地提出了一系列经济民主思想,为更好地分析,研究和解决社会主义市场经济建设中的现实问题,文章在经济管理、生产资料所有制、社会主义经济体制改革思想与方略三方面比较刘邓理论观点的异同。     

Synthesis and photo-responsive behaviors of hollow polyazobenzene micro-spheres

By means of distillation precipitation polymerization, the silica-hybrid particles with polyazobenzene shell (PAzo@SiO₂) micro-spheres were prepared with 6-(4-methoxy-4′-oxy-azobenzene) hexyl methacrylate (Azo-M) as monomer, divinylbenzene (DVB) as cross-linker, and ~250 nm vinylated sol-gel silica particles as template. Hollow polyazobenzene microspheres were further developed after selective removal of the silica cores with HF solution. When the content of DVB related to Azo-M is 20 wt%, the acetonitrile is 200 mL, and the polymerization time is 4.5 h, the hollow PAzo microspheres with about 20 nm shell are successfully fabricated. These hollow PAzo microspheres have excellent reversible photoisomerization, and their first-order rate constant of trans-cis isomerization only decreases 11.8% compared with homopolymer of azobenzene (Homo-PAzo).     

Rainfall-interception effect of vegetation restored region of gully in arid-hot valley of Jinshajiang River

This paper divides the process of rainfall redistribution into four levels in vegetation restored region of gully in arid-hot valley of Jinshajiang River. These levels include arbor interception, litter interception, soil interception and surface runoff. The results showed that the maximum of interception was 8.10 mm, the mean interception was 4.53 mm, the maximum of interception rate was 56.10 % and the mean interception rate was 32.63 %.When the rainfall is over 20 mm, the interception rate descends rapidly along with the rainfall increasing. The maximum of water-holding content of litter was 8.14-20.33 t/hm^2, the mean of which is 12.52 t/hm^2 and the maximum of water-holding content was over two times of it own weight. The rainfall of litter interception was 150.24 mm, accounted for the rainfall income 24.48%.The maximum water-holding capacity of soil achieves 2 198.54 t/hm^2, but that of the barren land is 1 825.60 t/hm^2. The rainfall of soil interception was 219.87 mm, accounted for the rainfall income 35.82%. The surface runoff of vegetation restored region was 43.41 mm, accounted for 7.07% of the rainfall income, but the surface runoff of non-forest land was 413,24 mm, accounts for 70.26% of the rainfall income.The surface runoff of the planted forest community was by 63.19% lower than that of the non-forest land. Through the interception of the forest land that reduced the soil erosion effectively, good hydrology effect was obtained.     

两步法三维编织复合材料的刚度计算

利用织物几何模型,在层板理论和平均刚度概念的基础之上,推导了两步法三维编织复合材料弹性模量的计算公式．     

新型食品抗氧剂TBHQ的合成研究

在酸催化下,用对苯二酚和叔丁醇合成了叔丁基对苯二酚（ＴＢＨＱ）,它是一种食用新型抗氧剂。采用正交试验法探讨了各种反应因素对产率的影响。指出在物料比对苯二酚：叔丁醇：催化剂：溶剂为１∶１∶１．２∶２．９（ｍｏｌ）,反应温度为９０℃时,总共反应２．５小时,ＴＢＨＱ得率最高,可达５５％以上。     

BP神经网络用于函数逼近的最佳隐层结构

研究采用反向传播算法的人工神经网络用于函数逼近时的支结构。方法,以典型的ｎ输入、单输出的多层ＢＰ网为例,在几种不同的网络隐层结构下对典的连续函数进行逼近训练。,分析各网络输出的全局误差。     

矩阵方程A~TX+XB=C的新解法及应用

本文利用Kronecker积和拉直算子,直接了当地化矩阵方程A~TX+XB=C为线性方程组My=b。从而用简便的初等方法讨论矩阵方程的相容性.解的存在唯一性.解法以及解的表达式。并应用于研究微分方程dx/dt=AX解的渐近稳定性、稳定性.还给出李亚普诺夫数的简洁构造式。