基于BP神经网络的直流电机PID控制系统研究

以直流电动机为控制对象,建立数学模型,并在传统PID的基础上结合神经网络算法,充分利用神经网络自学习功能,实现对PID参数的实时在线自整定.克服了PID控制参数难以确定和控制过程无法随环境等变化而自适应的缺点,体现了神经网络较好的智能性与较强的鲁棒性.利用Matlab软件进行仿真研究,结果表明神经网络PID较传统PID更精准,更具适应性,控制效果优越.     

采用双等离子体制备非晶态碳膜的研究

采用直流金属磁过滤阴极真空弧(FCVA)制造出Ti和乙炔(C2H2)气体的双等离子体在单晶硅(100)上制备非晶态碳膜.重点研究了乙炔气体和过滤线圈电流对非晶态碳膜的结构、形貌和机械性能的影响.研究结果表明,薄膜中主要成分是TiC,并以(111)作为主晶向;随着过滤线圈电流的增大,薄膜的晶粒度越来越小;薄膜表面的粗糙度逐渐减小,变得更加平整;薄膜的应力减小,可以下降到2.5 GPa.薄膜的显微硬度和弹性模量随着C2H2体积流qV(C2H2)的增大而降低,硬度和弹性模量分别可以达到33.9 GPa和237.6 GPa.非晶态碳膜的摩擦因数在0.1～0.25之间,大大低于衬底材料单晶硅片的摩擦因数0.6.随着过滤线圈电流增大,摩擦因数减小.     

基于真实三维结构的玉米冠层生化参数垂直分布的定量化分析

为了定量研究作物生化参数在冠层中的垂直分布情况,本文以2000年栾城实验测量的玉米冠层自上而下不同叶位叶片的光谱数据为基础,利用PROSPECT模型进行反演,获得每层叶片的叶绿素(a b)含量、等效水厚度、干物质含量等叶片的生化参数.通过比较发现:玉米冠层叶绿素等含量生化参数具有明显的随高度垂直分层现象,最明显的就是叶片的叶绿素含量,最大和最小叶绿素含量的相对差值甚至可以达到最大值的79.1%.在此基础上,根据实测玉米冠层结构,利用扩展L系统生成玉米真实三维结构冠层场景.通过统计计算每层叶片的生化参数,进而得到冠层生化参数的垂直分布.这为进一步基于冠层光谱的参数反演和定量分析以及农业应用等研究奠定了理论基础.     

C-isotope composition and correlation of the Upper Neoproterozoic in Keping area, Xinjiang

C-isotope analysis of the carbonates in the Upper Neoproterozoic in Keping, Xinjiang indicates that the Qigebrak Formation and the Upper Sugaitbrak Formation mainly record positive C-isotope values, and a distinct positive excursion occurs in the lower part of the Qigebrak Formation. There are three negative excursions in the boundary between the Qigebrak Formation and the Cambrian, the uppermost and lowermost Upper Sugaitbrak Formation. These characters resemble those of the Upper Neoproterozoic in the Three-Gorge area, which suggests that the Upper Sugaitbrak Formation and Qigebrak Formation can be correlated with the middle and upper parts of the Doushantuo Formation and Dengying Formation, respectively. The negative excursion at the top of the Upper Sugaitbrak Formation corresponds to that at the top of the Doushantuo Formation, while the negative excursion at the bottom of the Sugaitbrak Formation can be correlated with that at the middle part of the Doushantuo Formation in the Three-Gorge area and that at the top of the Hangelchaok diamictites in the Quruqtagh area.     

浅谈如何控制液压系统泄漏

液压系统泄漏的现象经常会被遇到,而且,液压站油箱截面积越大,泄漏量就越大.所以,对液压系统油箱油标液位发信器的自动化保护系统等进行调整,对液压系统本身进行整改,加强使用维护,会收到一定的成效.     

Diet control on carbon isotopic composition of land snail shell carbonate

Carbon isotope compositions for both the carbonate shells and soft bodies (organic tissue) of living land snails collected mostly from the Loess Plateau, China have been measured. The result shows that δ 13C values range from -13.1‰ to -4.3‰ for the aragonite shell samples and from -26.8‰ to -18.0‰ for the soft body samples. Although the shells are enriched in 13C relative to the bodies averagely by 14.2(±0.8)‰, the shell δ 13Ca values are closely correlated to the body δ 13Corg values, expressed as δ 13Ca = 1.021 δ 13Corg 14.38 (R = 0.965; N = 31). This relationship indicates that δ 13Ca is primarily a function of the isotopic composition of the snail diets since previous studies have proved that the snail body is the same as their food in carbon isotope composition. In other words, carbon isotope compo-sition of the carbonate shell can be used as a proxy to estimate the dietary 13C abundance of the land snails. The data also support that the 13C enrichment of the carbonate shells results mainly from the equilibrium fractionations between the metabolic CO2, HCO3-in the hemolymph and shell aragonite, and partially from kinetic fractionations when snail shells form during their activity.     

Zircon U-Pb geochronology of basement metamorphic rocks in the Songliao Basin

Zircon LA-ICP MS U-Pb dating of six metamorphic rocks and a metagranite (breccia) from southern basement of the Songliao Basin are reported in order to constrain the formation ages of basement. The basement metamorphic rocks in the Songliao Basin mainly consist of metagabbro (L45-1), amphibolite (SN117), metarhyolitical tuff (G190), sericite (Ser) schist (N103), chlorite (Chl) schist (T5-1), biotite (Bi)-actinolite (Act)-quartz (Q) schist (Y205), and metagranite (L44-1). The cathodoluminesence (CL) images of the zircons from metagabbro (L45-1) and metagranite (L44-1) indicate that they have cores of magmatic origin and rims of metamorphic overgrowths. Their U-Pb isotopic ages are 1808±21 Ma and 1873±13 Ma, respectively. The zircons with oscillatory zoning from amphibolite (SN117) and Chl schist (T5-1), being similar to those of mafic igneous rocks, yield ages of 274 ± 3.4 Ma and 264 ± 3.2 Ma, re-spectively. The zircons from metarhyolitical tuff (G190) and Ser schist (N103) display typical magmatic growth zoning and yield ages of 424 ± 4.5 Ma and 287 ± 5.1Ma, respectively. Most of zircons from Bi-Act-Q schist (Y205) are round in shape and different in absorption degree in the CL images, implying their sedimentary detritals. U-Pb dating yield concordant ages of 427 ± 3.1Ma, 455 ± 12 Ma, 696 ± 13 Ma, 1384±62 Ma, 1649±36 Ma, 1778±18 Ma, 2450±9 Ma, 2579±10 Ma, 2793±4 Ma and 2953±14 Ma. The above-mentioned results indicate that the Precambrian crystalline basement (1808―1873 Ma) exists in the southern Songliao Basin and could be related to tectonic thrust, and that the Early Paleozoic (424―490 Ma) and Late Paleozoic magmatisms (264―292 Ma) also occur in the basin basement, which are consistent with the ages of the detrital zircons from Bi-Act-Q schist in the basement.     

Experimental investigation of incremental reactivity of di-tert-butyl peroxide

Large quantities of di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) have been emitted into the troposphere due to human activities. Its role in the atmospheric photochemical reaction has not been understood. This study presents the results of the photochemical reactions of DTBP and NOx, which have been simulated in a self-made smog chamber under the temperature of (29±1)℃. Both the wall decays of ozone and NO2 could be neglected, compared to the results in simulative experiments. The effective intensity of UV light used in the experiments was 1.28×10-3 s-1, which was expressed by the rate constant of NO2 photolysis in purified air. The reaction mechanism was proposed according to our results and reports of other researchers. The maximum values of incremental reactivity (IR) in the three simulative ex- periments were 9.53×10-2, 5.23×10-2 and 3.78×10-2, respectively. The incremental reactivity decreased with the increase of initial concentrations of DTBP. The IR value of DTBP obtained in this study was comparable to that of acetylene reported in our previous research.     

基于Java RMI的网络信息监控系统设计

在分析JavaRMI技术的基础上 ,论述了JavaRMI实现Java同构环境下的分布式对象计算的关键技术 ,同时探讨了JavaRMI体系结构 .结合网络协议分析的应用技术 ,提出一个基于JavaRMI的分布式网络信息监控系统模型 ,通过系统各分监控点对公共上网场所的上网络信息进行监控     

幂律流体突扩管道湍流流动的研究

考虑幂律流体的本构关系,结合流动指数的影响,建立了适用于幂律流体的N-S动量方程和湍流模型方程;采用SIMPLE算法,对不同流动指数的幂律流体突扩管道湍流流动进行了数值计算,计算结果和实验数据吻合较好,对计算结果进行分析后发现,对于不同流动指数的幂律流体,其湍流变化趋势不同,从而揭示了流动指数对幂律流体突扩管道湍流流动有重要影响。