Damage evolution and failure mechanism of thermal barrier coatings under Vickers indentation by using acoustic emission technique

Acoustic emission(AE) technique was adopted to monitor the damage evolution of air plasma-sprayed(APS) yttria-partially-stabilized zirconia(YSZ) thermal barrier coatings(TBCs) during instrumented indentation testing, and then the failure mechanisms were investigated by cluster analysis and wavelet transform methods.The results of cluster analysis showed that there were three classes associated with distinct failure types for the 8YSZ coatings under Vickers indentation. Based on wavelet transform, these three clusters could be clearly distinguished from their dominant frequency bands, which were concentrated on levels A5(0–156.25 kHz), D5(156.25–312.5 kHz) and D4(312.5–625 kHz), respectively. Thus, the failure mechanism of 8YSZ coatings under Vickers indentation could be clarified by the distribution of different failure types in indentation depth. To sum up, as indentation load increases, the 8YSZ coatings can accommodate the indenter by elastic or little plastic deformation, microcracks propagation and then debonding at the splat boundaries. By comparing the distribution of AE signals induced by different failure types in indentation depth for samples with different thermal exposure time, it can be inferred that thermal exposure treatment can accelerate the degradation of APS 8YSZ TBCs.     

二氧化硅微球的可控制备研究

通过St9ber法制备二氧化硅微球.研究了水醇比例、无机盐种类含量等对二氧化硅微球的微观形貌和粒径分布影响.结果表明,随着反应溶液中去离子水量的增加,二氧化硅微球的粒径逐渐变小.此外,无机盐的添加也会在一定程度上促进二氧化硅微球的长大.究其原因,是因为电解质的加入会破坏微球表面双电层的稳定性,进而促使其发生团聚形成粒径更大的颗粒.     

超密齿面铣刀的铣削力波动特性及其影响

提出了一种超密齿面铣刀概念,并推导了x和y方向的铣削力计算模型,分析了超密齿刀具铣削力及其波动规律.结果显示:随刀具的转动铣削力呈锯齿状变化,x向铣削力波动呈现两个山峰状,在三齿同时参与切削时波动最小.y向铣削力波动随初始切入角的增大先增大后减小,对比发现超密齿刀具铣削力波动远小于疏齿刀具.提出用单位体积材料所需切向铣削力大小来评价超密齿刀具和疏齿刀具性能.通过超密齿面铣刀的铣削实验验证了铣削力计算模型,并发现铣削力波动是影响工件表面粗糙度的因素之一,同时也反映出超密齿刀具的加工优越性.     

基于专利分析的中国海洋生物肥料发展现状与发展建议

【目的】为了解国内海洋生物肥料的知识产权现状,明确海洋生物肥料的研究热点及其发展趋势。【方法】对国内有关海洋生物肥料的公开专利进行检索分析,主要从年度专利申请量、区域分布、技术领域、申请机构类型和词频分析进行数据整理。【结果】海洋生物肥料专利申请数量增长迅速,其中山东省在海洋生物资源农业应用领域领先全国,广西位于全国前列。企业在专利申请数量上远高于科研院所和高校。62%专利涉及的相关工艺为海洋原材料简单物化处理技术,其他的则为采用微生物发酵或酶解技术。专利词频分析表明,海藻是海洋生物肥料领域使用最普遍的原材料。【结论】海洋生物肥料市场潜力巨大,但其在应用上仍处于原材料收集利用的初级阶段,深入挖掘利用海洋微生物资源能够促进生物肥料产业的升级换代。广西拥有丰富的海洋生物资源,也有微生物工业应用的经验和基础,研发人员应在原有海洋生物利用的基础上,充分利用海洋微生物资源提升产品功效,促进广西农业绿色发展。     

北京市水资源利用与经济增长动态关系研究——基于VAR与SVAR模型分析

基于1990—2012年北京GDP数据和三次产业用水量数据,进行GDP数据与三次产业用水量的平稳性检验和协整检验,检验通过后,对四组数据构建SVAR模型,利用脉冲响应函数,分析北京GDP与三次产业用水量之间的相互关系,结果显示第一产业用水量、第二产业用水量与北京GDP的增长负相关,第三产业用水量与北京GDP的增长正相关.     

Deep cleaning of a metallurgical zinc leaching residue and recovery of valuable metals

Huge quantities of zinc leaching residues (ZLRs) generated from zinc production are dumped continuously around the world and pose a potential environmental threat because of their considerable amounts of entrained heavy metals (mainly lead). Most ZLRs have not been properly treated and the valuable metals in them have not yet been effectively recovered. Herein, the deep cleaning of a ZLR and recovery of valuable metals via a hydrometallurgical route were investigated. The cleaning process consists of two essential stages:acid leaching followed by calcium chloride leaching. The optimum conditions for extracting zinc, copper, and indium by acid leaching were a sulfuric acid concentration of 200 g·L-1, a liquid/solid ratio of 4:1 (mL/g), a leaching time of 2 h, and a temperature of 90℃. For lead and silver extractions, the optimum conditions were a calcium chloride concentration of 400 g·L-1, a pH value of 1.0, a leaching time of 1 h, and a temperature of 30℃. After calcium chloride leaching, silver and lead were extracted out and the lead was finally recovered as electrolytic lead by electrowinning. The anglesite phase, which poses the greatest potential environmental hazard, was removed from the ZLR after deep cleaning, thus reducing the cost of environmental management of ZLRs. The treatment of chlorine and spent electrolyte generated in the process was discussed.     

基因突变检测PCR-SSCP实验条件优化研究

探索基因突变检测PCR-SSCP技术的最佳实验条件。以人血液DNA为实验材料,人类基因组天然存在的基因突变位点为研究对象,依次对不同的变性剂、交联度、电泳缓冲液、电泳时间、电压以及有无甘油等因素进行PCR-SSCP最优条件分析。利用碱性变性剂对DNA变性,电泳条件为不加甘油的14%凝胶(交联度为29∶1),0.5×TBE电泳缓冲液、300 V电泳4 h后180 V电泳14 h,得到较理想的PCR-SSCP电泳图谱,此为摸索出的最佳条件。该条件在筛选基因突变过程中是一种简便、快速、灵敏、经济和有效的实验方法。     

Guaranteed Cost Finite-Time Control of Fractional-Order Nonlinear Positive Switched Systems with D-Perturbations via MDADT

This paper is concerned with the problem of guaranteed cost finite-time control of fractionalorder nonlinear positive switched systems(FONPSS) with D-perturbation. Firstly, the proof of the positivity of FONPSS with D-perturbation is given, the definition of guaranteed cost finite-time stability is firstly given in such systems. Then, by constructing linear copositive Lyapunov functions and using the mode-dependent average dwell time(MDADT) approach, a static output feedback controller is constructed, and sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee that the corresponding closed-loop system is guaranteed cost finite-time stable(GCFTS). Such conditions can be easily solved by linear programming. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Two Innovative Coalition Formation Models for Dynamic Task Allocation in Disaster Rescues

This paper addresses the problem of multi-objective coalition formation for task allocation. In disaster rescue, due to the dynamics of environments, heterogeneity and complexity of tasks as well as limited available agents, it is hard for the single-objective and single (task)-to-single (agent) task allocation approaches to handle task allocation in such circumstances. To this end, two multi-objective coalition formation for task allocation models are proposed for disaster rescues in this paper. First, through coalition formation, the proposed models enable agents to cooperatively perform complex tasks that cannot be completed by single agent. In addition, through adjusting the weights of multiple task allocation objectives, the proposed models can employ the linear programming to generate more adaptive task allocation plans, which can satisfy different task allocation requirements in disaster rescue. Finally, through employing the multi-stage task allocation mechanism of the dynamic programming, the proposed models can handle the dynamics of tasks and agents in disaster environments. Experimental results indicate that the proposed models have good performance on coalition formation for task allocation in disaster environments, which can generate suitable task allocation plans according to various objectives of task allocation.     

Facile synthesis of flake-like dihydrate zinc oxalate particles

Monodispersed dihydrated zinc oxalate(ZnC_2O_4·2H_2O) particles with characteristic morphology were synthesized by aging a mixed solution of zinc nitrate(Zn(NO_3)_2) and sodium oxalate(Na_2C_2O_4) in the presence of a citrate ligand, with an average flat size of approximately 10–15 μm. The important parameters, including the solution pH values and the concentration of the zinc ions and citrate ligand, were investigated using a series of experiments. It is verified that the citrate ligand significantly affects the morphology of zinc oxalate particles, probably via its multiple roles of chelating, dispersing, and selective absorption. Thermodynamic equilibrium of the distribution of zinc species in an aqueous solution of Zn(Ⅱ)-citrate-oxalate-H_2O was estimated to explain the experimental results and to clarify the size and morphological evolution mechanism of the precipitated particles.