A statistical method for genetic mapping of sterility genes that exhibit epistasis in remote hybridization of plants using molecular markers in an F2 population

Estimation of the position and effect of sterility genes is an important problem to be solved to understand the sterility mechanism in remote hybridization in plants.In this study,a maximum likelihood (ML) method was used for estimation of the position and effect of sterility genes that exhibit epistasis in an F 2 population using the distorted segregation of markers.The ML solutions for recombination fraction and viability were obtained via an expectation-maximization algorithm.The results of Monte Carlo simulations showed that the estimates of recombination fraction and viability were consistent with their true values.The bias and standard deviation of parameters indicated that a larger sample size,closer linkage and lower viability of sterile genes led to better estimates of the parameters involved.A subset of marker data of the F 2 population derived from a single cross between the rice japonica cultivar Nipponbare and the indica cultivar Kasalath was analyzed using this method.Eight sterility genes were identified on chromosomes 1,3,6,8 and 10,and significant epistasis was detected among four pairs of sterility genes.     

Eocene high grade metamorphism and crustal anatexis in the North Himalaya Gneiss Domes,Southern Tibet

Determination of the timing and geochemical nature of early metamorphic and anatectic events in the Himalayan orogen may provide key insights into the physical and chemical behavior of lower crustal materials during the early stage of tectonic evolution in large-scale collisional belts.The Yardoi gneiss dome is the easternmost dome of the North Himalayan Gneiss Domes(NHGD),and contains three types of amphibolites with distinct mineral assemblage,elemental and radiogenic isotope geochemistry,as well as various types of gneisses.SHRIMP zircon U/Pb analyses on the garnet amphibolite and garnet-bearing biotite granitic gneiss yield ages of nearly peak metamorphism at 45.0±1.0 Ma and 47.6±1.8 Ma,respectively,which are 2 to 4 Ma older than the age for partial melting in migmatitic garnet amphibolite(43.5±1.3 Ma).Available data have demonstrated that ultra-high pressure metamorphism in the Tethyan Himalaya occurred at ～55 Ma,and high amphibolite facies to granulite facies metamorphism at 45 to 47 Ma.In addition,partial melting at thickened crustal conditions occurred at 43.5±1.3 Ma,which led to the formation of high Sr/Y ratios two-mica granites.The high-grade metamorphic rocks in the NHGD may represent the subducted front of the Indian continental lithosphere.In large collisional belts,fertile components in crustal materials could melt and form granitic melts with relatively high Na/K and Sr/Y ratios under thickened crustal conditions,significantly different from those formed by decompressional melting during rapid exhumation.     

Nanostructured LiMn2O4 and their composites as high-performance cathodes for lithium-ion batteries

Improvement of the energy density and power density of the lithium-ion batteries is urgently required with the rapid development of electric vehicles and portable electronic devices. The spinel LiMn2O4 is one of the most promising cathode materials due to its low cost, nontoxicity, and improved safety compared with commercial LiCoO2. Developing nanostructured electrode materials represents one of the most attractive strategies to dramatically enhance battery performance, such as capacity, rate capability and cycling life. Currently, extensive efforts have been devoted to developing nanostructured LiMn2O4 and LiMn2O4/carbon nanocomposites to further improve the rate capability of lithium-ion batteries for high-power applications. In this paper, recent progress in developing nanostructured LiMn2O4 and LiMn2O4/carbon nanocomposites is reviewed, and the benefits to the electrochemical performance of LiMn2O4-based cathodes by using these electrode materials are also discussed.     

影子银行发展深化及对西藏地区影响问题研究

影子银行是金融深化和金融创新的产物,它的生存及发展与传统商业银行存在着密不可分的关系。在影子银行提供信用、期限及流动性转换服务过程中,其自身固有的不完善的信用风险转移和高杠杆率缺陷,对金融体系宏观微观环境产生了深刻影响。由于发展阶段的差异,影子银行发展对西藏地区金融发展具有一定的积极意义,可有效降低该地区＂金融弱化＂现象,需予以适度引导和审慎监管。     

自适应分区的色调映射算法

针对HDR图像色调再生提出了一种自适应分区映射算法.首先将HDR图像的色度和亮度信息分离,根据直方图特征对亮度进行自适应分区,并构造分段线性色调调整函数,将显示亮度范围分别分配给不同的亮度分区,以增加再现图像的感知对比度;然后通过双边滤波技术提取图像细节进行补偿,保证了再现图像细节可见;最后将彩色和非彩色信息合成,并对亮度压缩带来的彩度损失进行色彩校正.实验表明:新算法在动态范围压缩、细节保持和颜色表现上均优于传统算法.     

高温后活性粉末混凝土微观结构分析

试验分析了高温后活性粉末混凝土（RPC）的外观、质量损失和抗压强度随温度的变化情况;利用扫描电镜（SEM）研究了经历不同高温后的RPC微观结构变化和物相组成.结果表明：经历温度低于400oС时,水泥水化反应和火山灰反应互相促进,RPC微观结构得到改善,抗压强度较常温时有所提高;经历温度为400～800oС时,C-S-H凝胶由连续块状变为尺寸较小的分散相,钢纤维与基体粘结界面处的裂纹逐渐形成并扩展,聚丙烯纤维融化后的孔道加剧了RPC的内部缺陷,RPC微观结构不断恶化,抗压强度逐渐降低.     

异构分组无线传感器网络密钥管理机制

针对异构分组无线传感器网络结构和应用特点,在加密通信中使用组密钥和对密钥.组密钥使用基于双向散列链自愈组密钥分发方法按会话进行更新.网络中有直接通信需求的节点间都以双线性对方式建立对密钥.对密钥与组密钥相结合,以非交互方式按会话进行更新.分析表明：方案支持节点插入和撤销,安全高效,资源开销合理,适用于无线传感器集中式管理网络.     

分层注采三元复合驱对大庆二类油层适应性评价

为了克服传统小岩心驱油实验在宏观尺度上的局限性,制作了三层非均质性三维平板径向流物理模型,在五点法井网条件下,分别开展笼统注采三元复合驱和分层注采三元复合驱实验,研究驱替过程中三个层位沿主流线方向上压力分布状况、采出液粘度和界面张力变化情况以及三个层位上每一点处含油饱和度变化情况,对比分析两种注采方式下的驱油效果和剩余油分布特征。研究结果表明,波及效率是影响非均质油藏最终采收率的一个非常重要因素,而分层注采能够有效提高水驱阶段中渗、低渗层的波及效率;在三元复合驱开始后,驱油剂在中渗、低渗层中运移距离更远,发挥作用时间延长,基质动用程度和最终采收率大幅提高。本实验的研究结果为油田矿场开发方案的编制提供了理论指导和参考依据。     

乙酸乙酯-乙苯二元混合溶液的折射研究

计算混合溶液折射率的新方法:n=1 ∑wiρMDMi,对于无机混合溶液、乙醇水溶液和丙三醇水溶液等有着很好的适用性,但对含有羰基和苯环官能团复杂物质是否适用还不清楚.本文对含有羰基和苯环官能团的、不同浓度乙酸乙酯-乙苯溶液折射率进行计算,计算结果与实验测量值吻合的非常好,进一步证实了该方法对酯类、芳香族溶液的适用性,并给出了该溶液浓度、密度和折射率计算所需的重要参数值.这些结果也支持了该方法的理论基础,证明了该方法的电子云导体理论模型的合理性.还用Lorentz-Lorenz公式计算了这些混合溶液的折射率,并对2种计算方法的偏差进行了比较.     

基于移动变长倒立摆的四足机器人对角支撑的稳定性控制

四足机器人系统复杂,运动自由度多,其动态稳定性一直是机器人控制领域的难点与热点。为使四足机器人能够在复杂多样的自然环境中运动自如,针对四足机器人特殊的对角双足支撑动态稳定性问题进行探究。将足式机器人简化为可移动变长倒立摆模型,对其进行运动学和动力学分析,设计了一种运动稳定控制算法,使四足机器人能在对角双足支撑的情况下保持稳定,在受到外力的干扰时可自动调整,并再次恢复到平衡稳定状态。以搭建的四足仿狗机器人为实验平台,开展了对角支撑的平衡实验,实验结果表明四足机器人能够在对角支撑下精确控制自身的稳定,验证了该控制算法的可行性,为后期四足机器人动态稳定性行走奠定重要基础。