密云水库沉积物中重金属元素分布及形态研究

主要研究了北京市密云水库沉积物中重金属的总量以及形态分布特征,采用风险评价准则法(RAC)和Tucker3模型探讨沉积物中重金属的潜在危害性.结果表明,各重金属元素的平均含量都超过北京市土壤背景值,重金属元素有一定的富集.Cu有机结合态约占总量的3%～68%;Mn可交换态、碳酸盐结合态约占总量的1%～18%、7%～31%;Pb、Zn的铁锰氧化物结合态分别占总量的12%～53%、4%～27%;其它重金属均以铁锰氧化物结合态和残渣态为主,平均含量占总量的80%以上.根据RAC法得出,Mn(除采样点18)处于中等风险甚至高风险等级;Pb、Zn、Cu属从低风险到中等风险级;Ni、V、Cr、Ti的潜在生态风险较低.该结论将为北京市密云水库保护、人体健康安全保护措施的制定提供科学依据.     

环氧树脂胶粘剂粘结的Al2O3/Al层状复合材料

以环氧树脂胶粘剂为粘结剂,采用简单的常温模压方法,在5 MPa下经常温固化制备了Al2O3/Al层状复合陶瓷材料,考察了环氧树脂和固化剂质量比为1∶0.7、1∶0.8、1∶0.9和1∶1.0时胶粘剂的粘结强度.结果显示:当环氧树脂和固化剂的质量比为1∶0.8时,胶粘剂的粘结强度最大;在粘结接头中间添加不同表面研磨处理的铝薄片后,当进行单向研磨时环氧树脂胶粘剂的粘结强度较大.层状复合材料的显微结构显示,该复合材料的层间结合紧密;力学性能测试表明,该复合材料的抗弯强度虽比氧化铝稍低,但断裂韧性和断裂功得到了较大的提高,这得益于裂纹扩展过程中形成的多裂纹特征.     

基于剩余率失真信息的码率控制算法及其VLSI结构设计

引入JPEG2000图像片编码的实时剩余率失真信息,并用它和当前编码通道的率失真斜率在编码过程中判定当前编码通道是否被截断,使得Tier1编码和码流截断并行。最后还设计本算法的VLSI体系结构。实验结果表明：本算法在编码过程中实时截断编码码流,实时性高,资源损耗小;并且重建图像质量高。     

基于灰模型白化响应的边缘检测算法

为获得更好的图像边缘,提高机器视觉的检测精度,提出一种新的基于GM(1,1,C)模型白化响应的图像边缘检测算法.该算法用原图相邻的若干像素点值构建GM(1,1,C)模型,计算出相应像素点的白化值,得到原图像素点的像素值与相应白化值之间的误差.依据边缘像素点的像素值与非边缘像素点的像素值相差大而不满足GM(1,1,C)建模条件,从而导致边缘像素点白化值出现较大误差的特点,实现图像的边缘检测.实验证明:该算法在无噪声和有噪声的情况下均有效;建模像素数量越少,抗噪能力越强,但对边缘的检测能力会下降;建模像素数量越多,边缘的检测能力越强,但抗噪能力下降.     

Characterstics of seasonal variations of leaf n-alkanes and n-alkenes in modern higher plants in Qingjiang, Hubei Province, China

On the basis of GC and GC-MS analyses, the seasonal variation of leaf lipids is observed in five plant species in Qingjiang in Hubei Province. The CPI values （carbon preference index） of n-alkanes decrease gradually from May to November, though the carbon number distributions and the predominant carbon number in an individual species keep unchanged. The declined CPI values might be caused by the leaf fading, which is further supported by a comparison of the defoliated leaves with the fresh leaves. This observation infers the CPI values of n-alkanes in Quaternary sediments can be used as a tool to index the humification, and thus the climatic and the environmental conditions. The plants analyzed here show a remarkable difference in n-alkanes abundance, suggesting their differential contribution to the n-alkanes identified in sediments. The abundance and the compound species of the n-alkenes detected in the plant leaves change greatly with the seasons due to the influence of temperature, with the least compounds being identified in August.     

Three-dimensional fluorescence spectral characteristics of dissolved organic carbon in cave drip waters and their responses to environment changes: Four cave systems as an example in Guizhou Province,China

Understanding the responses of fluorescence spectral characteristics of cave drip waters to modern environment and climate changes is key to the reconstructions of environmental and climatic changes using fluorescence spectral characteristics of speleothems. The fluorescence spectral characteristics of dissolved organic carbon （DOC） in four active cave systems were analyzed with a three-dimensional （3D） fluorescence spectral analysis method. We found that the fluorescence types of DOC were mainly of fulvic-like and protein-like fluorescences, both in soil waters and cave drip waters. The intensity of fulvic-like fluorescence was positively correlated with the concentrations of DOC, suggesting that the DOC of cave drip waters was derived from the overlying soil layer of a cave system. Compared with the other cave systems, the variation range of the excitation and emission wavelengths for fulvic-like fluorescence of cave drip waters in Liangfeng cave system that had forest vegetation was smaller and the excitation wavelength was longer, while its fluorescence intensity varied significantly. By contrast, the excitation and emission wavelengths and fluorescence intensity for that in Jiangjun cave system that had a scrub and tussock vegetation showed the most significant variation, while its excitation wavelength was shorter. This implies that the variation of vegetation overlying a cave appears to be a factor affecting the fluorescence spectral characteristics of cave drip waters.     

Semi-crosslinked polyacrylamides as high-resolution and dynamic self-coating sieving matrices for protein capillary electrophoresis

This paper describes non-gel capillary sieving electrophoresis employing semi-crosslinked polyacrylamide as a high performance and low viscous replaceable separation matrix for separation of non-denatured protein separation. Arising from the fine sieving and dynamic coating ability of this polymer, a mixture of basic proteins lysozyme, cytochrome C, ribonuclease A, and trypsin was resolved with excellent reproducibility. Mixing different semi-crosslinked polyacrylamides together further improves the separation. The separtion mechanism was analyzed. With network structure developed to an intermediate state between crosslinked gel and linear polymer solutions, these semi-crosslinked polyacrylamide polymers demonstrate a promise as a new class of size sieving separation medium, not only in capillary electrophoresis, but also in microfluidic chip separation schemes.     

基于MODIS乌昌地区春季地表温度反演

根据新疆春季地表温度的特性,将前人研究反演地表温度的反演上下限(0℃~50℃)调整为(-30℃~50℃)。然后根据学者研究提出的Plank函数的线性简化方法,对MODIS的第31和32热红外波段分别简化为:B31(T)=0.1088T31-23.349,B31(T)=0.0097T32-220.364,从而反演出更接近于乌昌(乌鲁木齐、昌吉)地区春季地表温度的实测数值。     

基于认知无线网络的跨层设计研究

首先讨论认知无线网络跨层设计的挑战,然后提出一种基于推理机的跨层设计方案。最后,总结全文并对未来工作提出展望。     

数学分析课程教学改革的几点尝试

结合数学分析课程教学实际,探讨数学分析课程教学内容的处理和教学方法的更新以及师资队伍的建设。