溢油分散剂对马粪海胆(Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus)油污染效应的影响

在实验生态条件下,研究了0号柴油分散液(WAFs)及加入溢油分散剂后的0号柴油乳化液(dis-WAFs)对马粪海胆(Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus)的急性毒性作用;并研究了亚致死浓度下海胆消化腺中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT) 和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)活性的变化.结果表明:WAFs对马粪海胆幼胆的24,48,72和96 h半致死浓度分别为18.2,15.5,11.5和9.5 mg/L; dis-WAFs 对马粪海胆幼胆的24,48,72和96 h半致死浓度分别为11.7,9.1,7.4和5.1 mg/L.加入溢油分散剂后,使0号柴油分散液对马粪海胆的毒性效应变大.亚致死浓度下的dis-WAFs污染对消化腺内抗氧化酶活性的影响存在时间、剂量-效应关系.同一剂量组随着污染时间的延长, SOD,CAT和GST的活性表现为先诱导后抑制的趋势,GST趋势尤其显著.受污染个体在污染解除之后, 其SOD,CAT和GST酶活性得到恢复.SOD,CAT和GST可以作为海洋环境石油烃污染监测的生物标志物,为生物损害评估提供依据.     

Designing the lipid raft marker protein for synaptic vesicles

Lipid rafts are cholesterol-enriched microdomains and implicated in many essential physiological activities such as the neurotransmitter release. Many studies have been carried out on the function of rafts in the plasma membranes, whereas little is known about the information of such microdomains in subcellular compartments especially synaptic vesicles (SVs). In the well-studied plasma membranes, several proteins have been recognized as raft markers, which are used to label or trace rafts. But the raft marker protein on SVs has not been identified yet. Although some SV proteins, including VAMP and CPE, have been found in raft fractions, they cannot be used as markers due to their low abundance in rafts. In this work, we designed several chimera proteins and tested their characteristics for using as SV raft makers. First, we detected whether they located in SVs, and then the chimeras exhibiting the better localization in SVs were further examined for their enrichment in raft using detergent treatment and gradient density floatation analysis. Our results indicate that one of the chimeric proteins is primarily located in SVs and distributed in raft microdomains, which strongly suggests that it could be served as a raft marker for SVs.     

Exchange of genetic material: a new paradigm in bone cell communications

An emerging concept in intercellular communication in mammals is that communication can be mediated by exchange of genetic material, mainly in the form of RNAs. In this review, we discuss recent studies that describe the trafficking of genetic material with a focus on bone cell communication. Three major carriers are discussed: gap junctions, protein-binding complexes, and genetic material exchange mediated by extracellular vesicles. While protein-level exchange has been well documented, no review has summarized the novel paradigm of cell-to-cell communication by genetic information exchange in bone tissues or its biological relevance in terms of bone homeostasis and bone-related diseases. The purpose of this review is to promote further understanding of this novel discovery regarding bone cell communication and provide references for further investigations.     

铕掺杂的硼锌多金属氧酸盐的合成与发光性研究

制备了高发射率的的稀土多金属氧酸盐BPOM:Eu及ZnPOM:Eu的荧光体,用红外吸收谱及X-射线粉末衍射谱进行了表征,结果表明样品具有Keggin结构.发射光谱结果表明Eu在两类样品中均有肉眼可见的在红光区的强发射,但在BPOM:Eu中以5D0→7F1磁偶极跃迁发射为主;在ZnPOM:Eu中以5D0→7F2电偶极跃迁发射为主.在BPOM:Eu中以铕浓度2.0%发射最强,在ZnPOM:Eu中并未出现浓度猝灭现象.铕离子在两荧光体中均被八个氧以反棱柱配位(EuO8),发射光谱结果表明铕离子在BPOM:Eu中配位环境的对称性高于ZnPOM:Eu.在ZnPOM:Eu中可能由于阴离子的结构松散易受周围次级配位环境的影响,铕离子的配位环境的对称性随浓度增加有所下降.     

掺锡氧化锌变阻器的制备和性能研究

本文采用液相沉淀法以SnC l2.H2O代替SbC l3制备了ZnO(含有5%的B i,Mn,Co,Sn)变阻器.通过SEM和XRD技术确定了我们制备的ZnO基变阻器的晶相及其分布情况,结果表明微观结构包括ZnO主相,Zn2SnO4尖晶石相和富B i2O3相.分析了SnO2对变阻器电性能的影响.当SnO2含量增加时,漏电流明显增大;而非线性系数只对低浓度的SnO2有明显的依赖关系,且存在一个使非线性系数达到极值的临界浓度(1.0 mol%).SnO2的含量对压敏电压没有明显的影响.添加适当含量的B i2O3会提高变阻器的电性能,而过量时则会使变阻器性能劣化.我们得到了漏电流为0.34 A,非线性系数为62,压敏电压为1063V1 mA/mm性能良好的变阻器.     

一种新的基于互信息的图像配准方法

针对目前基于互信息图像配准方法中存在的不足,提出结合图像二维信息(如轮廓和边缘)与互信息的图像配准算法.它首先利用小波多尺度积提取两幅图像的特征点及其角度信息,再根据得到的特征点和角度信息,定义了特征点对互信息匹配准则,得到相应的匹配点对.最后进行了仿真实验,并将结果与由相关度、对齐度准则得到的结果进行比较,所提出的算法匹配误差最小.结果表明该算法具有匹配精确、鲁棒性好和效率高等优点.     

Genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for IgA nephropathy

We carried out a genome-wide association study of IgA nephropathy, a major cause of kidney failure worldwide. We studied 1,194 cases and 902 controls of Chinese Han ancestry, with targeted follow up in Chinese and European cohorts comprising 1,950 cases and 1,920 controls. We identified three independent loci in the major histocompatibility complex, as well as a common deletion of CFHR1 and CFHR3 at chromosome 1q32 and a locus at chromosome 22q12 that each surpassed genome-wide significance (P values for association between 1.59 × 10?2? and 4.84 × 10?? and minor allele odds ratios of 0.63-0.80). These five loci explain 4-7% of the disease variance and up to a tenfold variation in interindividual risk. Many of the alleles that protect against IgA nephropathy impart increased risk for other autoimmune or infectious diseases, and IgA nephropathy risk allele frequencies closely parallel the variation in disease prevalence among Asian, European and African populations, suggesting complex selective pressures.     

RNA sequencing shows no dosage compensation of the active X-chromosome

Mammalian cells from both sexes typically contain one active X chromosome but two sets of autosomes. It has previously been hypothesized that X-linked genes are expressed at twice the level of autosomal genes per active allele to balance the gene dose between the X chromosome and autosomes (termed 'Ohno's hypothesis'). This hypothesis was supported by the observation that microarray-based gene expression levels were indistinguishable between one X chromosome and two autosomes (the X to two autosomes ratio (X:AA) ~1). Here we show that RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is more sensitive than microarray and that RNA-Seq data reveal an X:AA ratio of ~0.5 in human and mouse. In Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites, the X:AA ratio reduces progressively from ~1 in larvae to ~0.5 in adults. Proteomic data are consistent with the RNA-Seq results and further suggest the lack of X upregulation at the protein level. Together, our findings reject Ohno’s hypothesis, necessitating a major revision of the current model of dosage compensation in the evolution of sex chromosomes.     

Induction of core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder by in vivo CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing in the brain of adolescent rhesus monkeys

Although CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing is widely applied to mimic human disorders,whether acute manipulation of disease-causing genes in the brain leads to ...     

一种测试板与混凝土粘结性能的试件固定装置

为了保证面内单剪试验时试件承受面内剪力,设计了一套试件固定装置,使得试验机上夹具、板和试验机下夹具在同一平面内。利用该装置进行了8个不同粘结长度的铝合金板与混凝土的粘结试件的面内单剪试验。通过铝合金板与混凝土粘结试件的面内单剪试验,得到了如下结论:试件发生混凝土层剥离破坏;极限粘结荷载随着粘贴长度的增大而增大,但结构胶层传递剪力的能力有效度变小,粘贴长度存在一个有效粘贴长度;荷载增大时试件抵抗荷载能力变小;剪应力分布曲线呈倒"U"形分布。