C57BL/6小鼠在肥胖建模过程中常见问题及处理对策

目的发现C57BL/6小鼠在肥胖模型造模过程中出现的问题,并找到解决这些问题的有效方法。方法对出现耳朵感染、脱毛和打架引起外伤的小鼠分别采取相应预防或局部处理措施,使其健康生长。结果打耳标时进行预防性消毒的小鼠耳朵感染风险下降,少量耳朵感染的小鼠经过消毒恢复健康。脱毛小鼠进行隔离消毒后皮毛恢复完整。受轻微外伤小鼠隔离消毒后恢复健康。结论本文提到的C57BL/6小鼠肥胖模型造模过程中出现的各种问题及处理对策可为其他相关科研人员提供参考。     

Neural substrates of vocalization feedback monitoring in primate auditory cortex

Vocal communication involves both speaking and hearing, often taking place concurrently. Vocal production, including human speech and animal vocalization, poses a number of unique challenges for the auditory system. It is important for the auditory system to monitor external sounds continuously from the acoustic environment during speaking despite the potential for sensory masking by self-generated sounds. It is also essential for the auditory system to monitor feedback of one's own voice. This self-monitoring may play a part in distinguishing between self-generated or externally generatedauditory inputs and in detecting errors in our vocal production. Previous work in humans and other animals has demonstrated that the auditory cortex is largely suppressed during speaking or vocalizing. Despite the importance of self-monitoring, the underlying neural mechanisms in the mammalian brain, in particular the role of vocalization-induced suppression, remain virtually unknown. Here we show that neurons in the auditory cortex of marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) are sensitive to auditory feedback during vocal production, and that changes in the feedback alter the coding properties of these neurons. Furthermore, we found that the previously described cortical suppression during vocalization actually increased the sensitivity of these neurons to vocal feedback. This heightened sensitivity to vocal feedback suggests that these neurons may have an important role in auditory self-monitoring.     

基于模糊综合评判的作战指挥辅助决策系统效能评估

针对部队作战指挥辅助决策系统效能评估问题,提出了评估的指标体系,采用现代系统评估理论的层次分析法确定了评价指标的权重,建立了模糊综合评判模型,并通过对具体的实例的计算分析,验证了该模型的有效性。     

HPLC法检测发酵液中赤藓糖醇含量

建立用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定发酵液中赤藓糖醇含量方法.采用Agilent NH2(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以V(乙腈)∶V(水)=75∶25为流动相,柱温35℃,流速1.0 mL/min,检测器为示差折光检测器,进样量20 μL.赤藓糖醇标准品质量浓度在0.2～ 10 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好,线性回归方程为Y=2.677 28X+0.218 88,相关系数r=0.999 23,相对标准偏差(RSD)=1.66％,试样回收率为98.1％～104.0％.实验结果表明该方法简便、快速、结果可靠.     

负载型金属氧化物催化酯交换合成碳酸二甲酯

制备了多种以γ - Al2O3为载体的负载金属氧化物催化剂,考察其在由碳酸乙烯酯(EC)与甲醇(ME)酯交换法合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)中的催化活性,其中以K2 O/γ - Al2 O3催化活性较好.同时考察了负载量、催化剂用量、甲醇与碳酸乙烯酯摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间等因素对反应的影响,最终确定最佳反应条件:催化剂为K2O/γ - Al2O3,甲醇与碳酸乙烯酯摩尔比为5,m(催化剂)∶m(甲醇)为1∶200,反应温度为65℃,反应时间为3h,在此条件下,碳酸二甲酯收率最佳为52.0％.     

锌配合物的制备及对环氧乙烷酯化反应的催化性能

以ZnBr2和四乙基溴化铵(Et4NBr)为原料,通过溶剂热法配位制备了锌配合物催化剂,研究了反应溶剂、加料方式、原料摩尔比、反应时间和反应温度对锌配合物制备收率的影响。较优的制备工艺条件为:乙醇为溶剂、采用反滴加料、n(Zn)∶n(N)=1∶2、制备温度为50℃、反应时间为0.5 h,锌配合物的收率达92.30%。采用X线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、元素分析(EA)和发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)对锌配合物进行表征。结果表明:不同原料摩尔比制备的锌配合物是不同于原料的新物质,推断出锌配合物的化学式为(Et4N)2ZnBr4。另外,初步探索了锌配合物对环氧乙烷酯化反应的催化性能。结果表明:锌配合物催化剂具有优良的活性,环氧乙烷转化率达95.6%,副产二乙二醇(DEG)选择性不大于1.72%,循环使用5次后催化剂活性无明显下降。     

High sensitivity, fast speed and self-powered ultraviolet photodetectors based on ZnO micro/nanowire networks

Ultraviolet(UV) photodetectors(PDs) based on ZnO micro/nanowire(MNW) networks with Pt contacts have been fabricated on glass substrates. The PDs exhibited a high photosensitivity(5 103) for 365 nm UV light with a fast recovery time(0.2 s) at a reverse bias voltage of 2 V. The light induced modulation of Schottky barrier and MNW–MNW junction barrier was employed to account for the results. It was also observed that the PD had a high on–off ratio of 800 without external bias. The photovoltaic effect was proposed to explain the self-powered phenomenon.     

带60°肋和出流孔的矩形通道端壁换热特性研究

根据相似理论放大的模型,采用热色液晶瞬态测量技术研究带有60°肋和单排溢流孔的内流通道的换热特性,分析主流雷诺数和出流比对壁面对流换热的影响规律.矩形内流通道进口雷诺数变化范围是20 000～80 000,通道出流比变化范围是0～0.6.实验结果表明:出流作用使出流孔附近区域的换热得到了强化;主流雷诺数一定时,随出流比的提高,壁面平均换热系数和增强系数都先略微增大后逐渐减小;出流比一定时,随雷诺数的增加,端壁平均换热系数基本呈线性增加,而换热增强系数则减小.     

萃取-焙烧法处理冷轧废酸

萃取－焙烧法是一种处理冷轧盐酸酸洗废酸的新方法。首先用磷盐三丁酯将游离盐酸与 ＦｅＣｌ２萃取分离，得到的盐酸返回酸洗线复用， ＦｅＣＩ２可制成 ＦｅＣ２ｌ·２Ｈ２Ｏ粉料焙烧再生盐酸，也可以进一步加工得到其它化工产品．实现冷轧废酸资源的综合利用。这一工艺过程较高温焙烧法投资低，便于操作和控制，安全性好，适应性强且材料问题易于解决，并可生产高质量的氧化铁，特别适合于中小型冷轧厂的废酸处理。     

渠道式小梁切除术治疗新生血管性青光眼的疗效观察

目的:探讨渠道式小梁切除术治疗新生血管性青光眼的疗效.方法:新生血管性青光眼12例(12)眼,其中视网膜中央静脉阻塞8例,糖尿病视网膜病变2例,急性闭角型青光眼绝对期2例,术后随访虹膜新生血管、眼压、滤过泡、视力变化.结果:术后部分虹膜新生血管消退,术后眼压平均值(17.30±2.75)mmHg,功能性滤过泡10例,视力未见提高.结论:渠道式小梁切除术治疗新生血管性青光眼有效,安全.