岩石球砾与平板碰撞法向恢复系数

落石法向恢复系数是运动轨迹分析的关键参数。为研究碰撞速率和材料参数对落石法向恢复系数的影响,基于球板碰撞模型,在考虑材料弹塑性基础上建立岩石球砾法向恢复系数理论模型,并利用ABAQUS模拟球板碰撞过程,监测岩石球砾碰撞前后速率的变化。研究结果表明:数值模拟结果与理论计算结果吻合较好,最大差值在5%以内。随着碰撞速率的增大,岩石球砾法向恢复系数逐渐降低,且下降速率逐渐减小;球砾法向恢复系数随着弹性模量的增加而减小,随着弹性极限的增加而增大,且均呈线性关系;泊松比对球砾法向恢复系数影响较小。     

喷涂角度对螺栓表面涂层厚度均匀性的影响

针对工程中采用铝涂料涂覆螺栓时螺栓表面铝涂层易出现的厚度不均匀问题,研究喷涂角度对螺栓表面涂层均匀性的影响规律。对喷涂系统的喷嘴和螺栓进行建模,通过计算流体动力学仿真软件Fluent建立了雾化流场的气液两相流物理模型,使用DPM模型分析了流场中气相和液相的相互作用,获得了在不同角度下的喷涂流场,预测了螺栓表面液膜沉积厚度。搭建了喷涂试验系统并与模拟结果进行了验证,模拟和试验研究均表明在喷涂角度为30°时螺栓表面涂层均匀性最佳。     

碳酸盐岩储层闭合酸化模拟研究

酸压裂缝生产一段时间后导流能力会逐渐降低,常采用闭合酸化来提高已酸压裂缝的导流能力,闭合酸化模拟对闭合酸化设计意义重大,因此,针对该问题进行闭合酸化建模及数值模拟。首先,基于达西定理、物质平衡原理、酸岩反应动力学建立闭合酸化数学模型;然后通过地质统计学中的序贯高斯模拟算法生成具有非均质性和空间关联性的初始裂缝宽度空间分布和裂缝表面基质渗透率分布;利用有限体积法对模型进行数值求解,用C++编制模拟计算程序;最后基于该模型进行广泛的数值模拟研究,分析酸液分布规律、裂缝表面溶蚀规律、酸液作用距离的影响因素及规律,并形成各种条件下的酸液作用距离图版。研究表明,初始裂缝宽度和裂缝表面粗糙度对裂缝表面溶蚀形态起主导作用,裂缝面溶蚀形态有均匀推进、指进溶蚀和沟槽溶蚀;裂缝宽度越小、粗糙度越大,裂缝表面溶蚀竞争越强烈,越容易形成沟槽,酸液作用距离越远;排量、注酸量正相关于活酸作用距离,酸液传质系数负相关于活酸作用距离;典型的施工排量、酸液用量、常用的酸液类型下,闭合酸化中酸液作用距离为20～60 m。此模型可以预测不同条件下酸液作用距离和酸蚀裂缝表面溶蚀形态,优化闭合酸化参数,为现场闭合酸化施工设计提...     

基于目标检测的激光雷达道路边缘检测算法

道路边缘检测是自动驾驶车辆环境感知的重要组成部分,有效地从点云数据中提取道路边缘信息,有利于进行目标检测以及可行驶区域检测。针对点云道路边缘检测问题,提出了一种考虑车辆等道路参与者对道路边缘检测带来干扰的解决方案。首先,采用地面点云分割算法,将原始点云分割成地面点云和非地面点云;其次,根据车辆等道路参与者的固有特性,采用点云聚类算法对点云进行聚类,并将符合车辆等道路参与者特性的非地面点云进行滤除;再次,根据道路边缘点云在二维平面内,能够有效地遮挡激光发射中心点与非道路边缘点之间的连线,从而提取道路边缘点云;最后,采用随机抽样一致性(random sample consensus, RANSAC)算法对道路边缘点云进行多项式拟合,并使用扩展卡尔曼滤波器对道路边缘进行跟踪。实验结果表明,所提点云道路边缘检测算法能够消除车辆等道路参与则对点云道路边缘检测的影响,且算法满足实车实时性和鲁棒性要求。     

浅谈环境工程专业教学中实践能力的培养

通过深入分析环境工程专业学生培养模式,阐述了在教学过程中提高学生实践创新能力的方法、途径和策略。指出应通过利用社会资源、更新教学内容、建立校企联盟等途径促进学生实践能力的培养。     

云杉大规格苗木培育与移植技术

在定植苗选择、定植要求、树冠整形、水肥管理、断根培育、病虫害防治等方面介绍了培育云杉大苗培育技术,并介绍了大苗移植时间、起苗与包装、大苗固定、浇水封穴等关键技术及栽后管护等技术,通过调查分析并结合生产实践,确定出了云杉大苗I、II级苗木质量等级标准。     

软件可靠性非完全排错情况下的参数估计

20世纪70年代提出的JM模型是最早代表软件可靠性的数学模型,其假设排错是完全的,这与实际情况不相符合。因此,有必要对JM模型假设进行改进,从而提高软件可靠性。在排错是不完全的假设下建立了一个软件可靠性模型,然后运用最大似然估计法进行参数估计,找出了一个比较合理的估计初始错误个数和指数系数的方法。     

泰勒宁在动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤术后腹痛控制中的疗效观察

探讨泰勒宁胶囊在子宫动脉栓塞(UAE)治疗子宫肌瘤术后腹痛控制中的临床疗效。动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤46例,患者随机分成两组(n=23)。腹痛开始给药,A组口服泰勒宁胶囊1粒/次tid;B组用消炎痛肛栓100mg/粒,1粒/次tid。A组患者镇痛质量分数明显优于B组(P0.01),A组存在胃肠道反应;B组出汗较多两组均无呼吸抑制、低血压和心动过缓。泰勒宁胶囊对子宫动脉栓塞(UAE)治疗子宫肌瘤术后腹痛的控1制疗效确切,副作用小,术后恢复快。     

First observation of mesospheric and thermospheric winds by a Fabry-Perot interferometer in China

A Fabry-Perot interferometer, funded by the Meridian Project in China, was deployed at the Xinglong station (40.2°N,117.4°E) of the National Astronomical Observatories in Hebei Province, China. The instrument has been operating since April 2010, measuring mesospheric and thermospheric winds. The first observational data of winds at three heights in the mesosphere and thermosphere were analyzed, demonstrating the capacity of this instrument to aid basic scientific research. The wavelengths of three airglow emissions were OH892.0, OI 557.7, and OI 630.0 nm, which corresponded to heights of 87, 98, and 250 km, respectively. Three 38-day data sets of horizontal winds, from April 5, 2010 to May 12, 2010, show clear day-to-day variations at the same height. The minimum and maximum meridional winds at heights of 87, 98, and 250 km were –16.5 to 8.7 m/s, –24.4 to 15.9 m/s, and –43.6 to 1.5 m/s. Measurements of zonal winds were –5.4 to 7.6 m/s, 2.3 to 23.0 m/s, and –22.6 to 49.3 m/s. The average data from the observations was consistent with the data from HWM93. The wind data at heights of 87 and 98 km suggest a semi-diurnal oscillation, clearly consistent with HWM93 results. Conversely there was a clear discrepancy between the observations and the model at 250 km. In general, this Fabry-Perot interferometer is a useful ground-based instrument for measuring mesospheric and thermospheric winds at middle latitudes.     

Importance of NPA motifs in the expression and function of water channel aquaporin-1

The asparagine-proline-alanine sequences (NPA motifs) are highly conserved in aquaporin water channel family. Crystallographic studies of AQP1 structure demonstrated that the two NPA motifs are in the narrow central constriction of the channel, serving to bind water molecules for selective and effi-cient water passage. To investigate the importance of the two NPA motifs in the structure, function and biogenesis of aquaporin water channels, we generated AQP1 mutations with NPA1 deletion, NPA2 de-letion and NPA1,2 double deletion. The coding sequences of the three mutated cDNAs were subcloned into the mammalian expression vector pcDNA3.1 to form expression plasmids. We established stably transfected CHO cell lines expressing these AQP1 mutants. Immunofluorescence indicated that all the three mutated AQP1 proteins are expressed normally on the plasma membrane of stably transfected CHO cells, suggesting that deletion of NPA motifs does not influence the expression and intracellular processing of AQP1. Functional analysis demonstrated that NPA1 or NPA2 deletion reduced AQP1 water permeability by 49.6% and 46.7%, respectively, while NPA1,2 double deletion had little effect on AQP1 water permeability. These results provide evidence that NPA motifs are important for water per-meation but not essential for the expression, intracellular processing and the basic structure of AQP1 water channel.