Progress in bionic information processing techniques for an electronic nose based on olfactory models

As a novel bionic analytical technique, an electronic nose, inspired by the mechanism of the biological olfactory system and integrated with modern sensing technology, electronic technology and pattern recognition technology, has been widely used in many areas. Moreover, recent basic research findings in biological olfaction combined with computational neuroscience promote its development both in methodology and application. In this review, the basic information processing principle of biological olfaction and artificial olfaction are summarized and compared, and four olfactory models and their applications to electronic noses are presented. Finally, a chaotic olfactory neural network is detailed and the utilization of several biologically oriented learning rules and its spatiotemporal dynamic propties for electronic noses are discussed. The integration of various phenomena and their mechanisms for biological olfaction into an electronic nose context for information processing will not only make them more bionic, but also perform better than conventional methods. However, many problems still remain, which should be solved by further cooperation between theorists and engineers. Supported by the National Creative Research Groups Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60421002) and National Basic Research Programme of China (Grant No. 2004CB720302)     

干旱绿洲植物叶片光合作用特性及季节变化规律

针对西北干旱区绿洲经济作物葡萄树叶片光合作用特性及季节动态差异等相关问题,在甘肃省敦煌市南湖绿洲应用便携式光合作用-荧光测量系统GFS-3000,测定了无核白葡萄叶片的光合特性指标及相关生理、生态指标的季节变化.结果表明:6-9月的净光合速率随光照强度的增加整体呈先上升后平稳的趋势,最大净光合速率与表观量子效率季节变化规律一致,光补偿点和暗呼吸速率季节变化规律一致,净光合速率随CO_2分数的升高快速上升,而后增速缓慢并逐渐趋于稳定,最后出现下降趋势.最大净光合速率和羧化速率季节变化规律一致,单位叶面积氮质量与最大净光合速率表现出正相关关系.     

用人工神经网络定量预测化工基础物性

人工神经网络是人工智能技术的一个分支。本文将人工神经网络技术用于化合物的正常沸点、临界温度和沸点汽化热的定量预测,取得了较好的结果。估算精度好于或相当于文献方法。通过对三种基础物性的试验,表明人工神经网络技术可以用于定量预测,从而为这种技术开辟了一个新的应用领域。     

腔内血管成形术治疗老年人下肢动脉硬化闭塞症临床疗效及安全性评价

目的探讨腔内血管成形术(PTA)治疗老年人下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)的临床疗效及安全性评价.方法回顾性分析160例老年下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者的临床资料,随机分为介入组(80例,行腔内血管成形术)和对照组(80例,行下肢动脉旁路移植术),综合比较两组患者相关指标.结果介入组与对照组间ABI指数、患肢皮温、足背动脉血流动力学指标(足背动脉内径、血流峰速、血流量)、疼痛积分、下肢神经传导速度(运动神经传导速度、感觉神经传导速度)和手术成功率、术后保肢率、通畅率等比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05).介入组术后并发症发生率与对照组比较明显减少(P0.05).结论腔内血管成形术治疗老年下肢动脉硬化闭塞症安全可行,临床疗效较好.     

Measurement of laminar burning velocities of iso-butanol-air mixtures

The laminar burning velocity of iso-butanol-air mixtures was measured under different initial pressures, initial temperatures and equivalence ratios using high-speed schlieren photography and outwardly propagation flame in a constant volume combustion bomb. Based on the analysis of stretched flame propagation speed and stretch rate, the laminar burning velocities and Markstein lengths of iso-butanol-air flames are obtained. In accordance, with photos of flame, an analysis of flame stability and the influencing factors is carried out. The results show that the laminar burning velocity is decreased with the increase of initial pressure and is increased with the increase of initial temperature. The maximum value of laminar burning velocity is presented at the equivalence ratio of 1.2. The Markstein length is decreased with the increase of equivalence ratio. For specified equivalence ratio, the Markstein length is decreased with the increase of initial temperature and initial pressure. Thus, the flame instability is increased with the increase of equivalence ratio, initial temperature and initial pressure.     

一类不确定离散时间切换系统的鲁棒H_∞控制

针对一类不确定性离散时间切换系统,在任意切换的情况下研究了这类系统的鲁棒H∞控制问题.首先基于多Lyapunov函数法分析含有状态反馈控制器的切换系统的鲁棒稳定性和干扰抑制性能,得到了切换系统鲁棒稳定且具有H∞扰动衰减度的充分条件.其次运用线性矩阵不等式给出了状态反馈控制器的设计方案,举例说明了所提方法的应用.     

胜北构造粘土矿物纵向分布及演变规律

为探求吐哈油田胜北构造粘土矿物纵向分布规律与井眼稳定性的关系,以台参２井为例系统分析了本构造泥页岩地层中高岭石（Ｋ）、绿泥石（Ｃ）、伊利石（Ⅰ）、蒙脱石（Ｓ）和伊蒙混层（Ｉ／Ｓ）矿物的分布及演变特征,测定了粘土矿物中各种阳离子（Ｋ＋、Ｎａ＋、Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋）的可交换容量（ＣＥＣ）．研究表明,胜北构造上部地层是以Ｓ（约４０％）为主的高活性泥岩,中部大段硬脆碎泥页岩以Ｉ／Ｓ（约５０％）为主,下部地层Ｉ／Ｓ渐减至消失．Ｋ、Ｃ、Ｉ纵向分布较为均匀,基本与井径扩大率无相关性．井径扩大率与Ｉ／Ｓ含量呈明显正相关,但与Ｉ／Ｓ中的Ｓ含量却呈负相关,Ｉ纵向变化小但总含量较高（约５０％）且其中裂隙、解理发育,因此认为井眼的失稳主要是Ｉ及Ｉ／Ｓ含量较高的硬脆碎泥页岩在释放构造应力时,各种综合工程因素诱发地层崩裂和剥蚀而引起的,具有明显的时敏性．由于这种地层的ＣＥＣ特别是ＥＫ较低,因而必须主要靠封堵裂缝而不是提高钻井液中的Ｋ＋浓度来抑制井眼垮塌     

边界层分离流动的三层结构理论计算

在流动分离的高雷诺数渐近理论“三层”理论的基础上,发展了一套计算二维定常不可压脱体分离三层结构的数值方法。采用相互作用程序控制方程组获得了椭圆型的数学结构,克服了传统边界层计算不能通过分离点的困难,得到了分离点附近的流场分布。计算结果令人满意。     

聚乙烯醇－双快水泥自硬砂的抗爆热性和抗变形性

本文探讨了爆热温度、爆热时间、型砂放置时间对聚乙烯醇－双快水泥自硬砂抗爆热性和抗变形性的影响，以便进一步掌握这种自硬砂的性能和应用。     

表面活性剂与水溶性吲哚方酸菁染料光谱性能

测定了四种吲哚方酸菁染料在阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）,阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）和非离子表面活性剂曲拉通（TX－100）水溶液中的吸收发射光谱,结果表明：这些吲哚类方酸菁染料可以与胶束发生有效的相互作用,在表面活性剂溶液中,随着胶束的形成,染料的最大吸收和发射光谱都发生红移．