Intrinsic abnormal electromagnetic medium based on polar lattice vibration

A new class of media with abnormal electromagnetic parameters has been attracting increasing attention because of its exotic properties and potential application. Currently, typical metamaterials are mainly composed of artificially designed metallic periodic structures. However, due to the limitations of available fabrication technologies, physical size and material effects, it is difficult to realize these abnormal properties by these artificial structures in the high-frequency regime. Therefore, it is important to find materials with intrinsic abnormal electromagnetic responses. In this field, a new mechanism based on the interaction between polar lattice vibrations and electromagnetic waves has been proposed. In this paper, we review progress in this field.     

Effect of updating training on fluid intelligence in children

Recent studies have indicated that working memory (WM) training can improve fluid intelligence.However,these earlier studies confused the impact of WM storage and central executive function on the effects of training.The current study used the running memory task to train the updating ability of 9-11 year-old children using a double-blind controlled design.The results revealed that children’s fluid intelligence was significantly improved by memory-updating training.Overall,our findings suggest that the increase in fluid intelligence achieved with WM training is related to improving central executive function.     

Membrane sorption property effects on transmembrane permeation

A theoretical study was carried out into membrane transport phenomena.Formulae for calculating the membrane transport resistance and transmembrane mass flux were given,variations in membrane resistance and moisture flux with the membrane sorption constant(C)under various humidity conditions were analyzed,and the value of C corresponding to the minimum membrane resistance or the maximum moisture flux was obtained.The results show that the membrane resistance and moisture flux relate not only to C but also to the relative humidities on both sides of the membrane.As C increases,membrane resistance initially decreases but then increases,i.e.,a minimum occurs,while the moisture flux first decreases and then increases,i.e.,a maximum occurs.The membrane resistance and moisture flux reach their extrema at the same value of C,which is determined by the relative humidities on both sides of the membrane.To reduce the membrane resistance,the value of C should be chosen based on the humidity conditions.     

Power law and small world properties in a comparison of traffic city networks

We analyze the statistical properties of the urban public bus networks of two cities (Beijing and Chengdu) in China. To this end, we present a comprehensive survey of the degree distribution, average path length, and clustering of both networks. It is shown that both networks exhibit small world behavior and are hierarchically organized. We also discuss the differences between the statistical properties displayed by the two networks. In addition, we propose a weight distribution approach to study the passenger flow through the public bus networks we considered. A hierarchical structure is observed here also.     

基于行车声音端点检测的交通量统计

基于传统特征的行车声音端点检测法存在重叠有车段识别率低、双门限阈值较难确定的问题,针对这两个问题,探索性地将梅尔频率倒谱系数(Mel frequency cepstral coefficients,MFCC)倒谱距离特征和短时能量特征进行了融合并应用于交通量检测。首先选取了周围环境较为安静的一个双车道路段,并采集了该路段上包含重叠有车段的行车声音;其次提取了行车声音的短时能量特征和MFCC倒谱距离特征,并对它们在端点检测中的优劣进行了分析对比;再次提出了一种融合短时能量特征和MFCC倒谱距离特征的新特征,并基于新特征将传统的双门限判决思路改进成了单门限判决思路;最后利用新特征对有车段进行端点检测并统计交通量。实验结果表明:基于融合特征的端点检测方法能有效解决重叠有车段识别率低和双门限阈值较难确定的问题。     

Reverberation nulling and echo enhancement at low frequency using waveguide invariance

Based on the fact that the transfer function vector between a source receiver array and the dominant scatterer of boundary reverberation at a range can be obtained from the corresponding reverberations scattered from this range cell, a reverberation nulling concept using time reversal processing has been proposed. However, current reverberation nulling methods have certain limitations when applied into practice, which would null boundary reverberation and target echo simultaneously. As a solution, a passive reverberation nulling and echo enhancement method at low frequency using waveguide invariance is proposed in this paper. In this method, the reverberation subspace for the target range cell is not obtained directly from the return signals scattered by the target range cell but from the return signals scattered by a range cell located before the target using waveguide invariance, so as to suppress the reverberation embodied in the target echo by passive reverberation nulling. Besides, a range-dependent optimal weighting vector rather than conventional projector matrix is deduced to null the reverberation component meanwhile maximizing the target echo, thereby enhancing the echo-to-reverberation ratio furthest. Numerical simulations in typical range-independent shallow water environment demonstrate the efficacy and the improved performance of the proposed method for echo-to-reverberation enhancement.     

The effects of the guide field on the structures of electron density depletions in collisionless magnetic reconnection

Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are performed to investigate the formation of electron density depletions in collisionless magnetic reconnection.In anti-parallel reconnection,the quadrupole structures of the out-of-plane magnetic field are formed,and four symmetric electron density depletion layers can be found along the separatrices due to the effects of magetic mirror.With the increase of the initial guide field,the symmetry of both the out-of-plane magnetic field and electron density depletion layers is distorted.When the initial guide field is sufficiently large,the electron density depletion layers along the lower left and upper right separatrices disappear.The parallel electric field in guide field reconnection is found to play an important role in forming such structures of the electron density depletion layers.The structures of the out-of-plane magnetic field By and electron depletion layers in anti-parallel and guide field reconnection are found to be related to electron flow or in-plane currents in the separatrix regions.In anti-parallel reconnection,electrons flow towards the X line along the separatrices,and are directed away from the X line along the magnetic field lines just inside the separatrices.In guide field reconnection,electrons can only flow towards the X line along the upper left and lower right separatrices due to the existence of the parallel electric field in these regions.     

不良气象微环境下桥塔横梁覆冰灾害过程模拟

冬季桥塔横梁坠冰是威胁桥梁交通安全的重大隐患之一,系统分析不良气象微环境下横梁覆冰灾害过程机制,是保证桥梁交通安全的迫切需求。本文依托FLUENT与FENSAP-ICE软件建立了桥塔横梁覆冰数值仿真模型,探讨了风速、液态水含量和环境温度等微气象参数对桥塔横梁覆冰灾害演化过程的影响规律。结果表明：本文提出的数值仿真方法在明冰及霜冰条件下均具有较高的可行性与准确性;对武汉长江二桥桥塔横梁结冰数值模拟发现,覆冰区域集中分布于横梁迎风侧前缘及上下边缘,整体呈现出“U”型分布特征,是横梁防冰、除冰的重点区域;不良气象微环境是影响横梁结冰形态、分布及覆冰量的重要因素,覆冰形状受风速、液态含水量影响较大,受温度影响较小。     

永磁同步电动机电磁振动特性及抑制措施

电磁振动水平是永磁同步电动机的重要评价指标之一,为了有效抑制永磁同步电动机的电磁振动,文中首先建立了转子永磁体磁动势、定子绕组电流磁动势与定子齿槽相互作用产生的径向电磁力的解析分析模型。然后建立了电机的变参数矢量控制系统的场路耦合联合分析模型,以一台11 kW内置式永磁同步电动机为样机,利用机械阻抗法得到了电机主要低阶电磁力产生的电磁振动噪声频谱,确定了对电机电磁振动起主要作用的低阶电磁力的频率。最后利用遗传-蚁群算法,研究了通过优化电机的定子齿槽参数有效削弱具有上述频率的低阶电磁力,从而有效抑制电机的电磁振动。结果显示,利用文中方法确定的定子齿槽参数能有效抑制电机的电磁振动,并且对电机的运行性能产生的影响较小。