拓扑变换群中连续同态的指标

本文对拓扑交换群X中连续同态T,引入升指标α(T)与降指标δ(T)的概念.证得:若α(T)与δ(T)均有限,则必相等,k=α(T)=δ(T),而且X可以表示成闭子群R(Tk)与N(Tk)的直和.     

分支结构血管中血液的对流换热分析

用有限元方法数值模拟了血管分支结构内血液流动的三维速度场和温度场,得到了分支血管壁面3个典型径向角度的局部努塞尔数和血管截面平均努塞尔数沿管长的变化曲线.结果表明:分支血管入口处的速度场和温度场分布与单管的分布明显不同;不同径向角度的局部努塞尔数相差很大;分支血管入口处截面平均努塞尔数大于单个直管内截面平均努塞尔数,且出现一个极大值Numax.计算了不同分支角度和分支半径比时的截面平均努塞尔数,结果表明:分支角度和半径比对Numax的大小和位置有一定影响;半径比越小,分支血管内截面平均努塞尔数趋于稳定值的速度越快.     

Control of a key transition from prostrate to erect growth in rice domestication

The transition from the prostrate growth of ancestral wild rice (O. rufipogon Griff.) to the erect growth of Oryza sativa cultivars was one of the most critical events in rice domestication. This evolutionary step importantly improved plant architecture and increased grain yield. Here we find that prostrate growth of wild rice from Yuanjiang County in China is controlled by a semi-dominant gene, PROG1 (PROSTRATE GROWTH 1), on chromosome 7 that encodes a single Cys(2)-His(2) zinc-finger protein. prog1 variants identified in O. sativa disrupt the prog1 function and inactivate prog1 expression, leading to erect growth, greater grain number and higher grain yield in cultivated rice. Sequence comparison shows that 182 varieties of cultivated rice, including 87 indica and 95 japonica cultivars from 17 countries, carry identical mutations in the prog1 coding region that may have become fixed during rice domestication.     

基于时间-距离-多普勒像的编队目标架次检测

针对实际编队目标在距离上的分布特性和目标多普勒频率的变化规律,利用联合时频变换代替传统傅立叶变换,建立目标时间-距离-多普勒立体像,提出一种基于立体像的目标架次检测方法。该方法不仅能给出清晰的瞬时距离-多普勒像,而且能反映目标距离-多普勒像的时间演变特性,较好地解决了目标在距离上的分布和多普勒像的模糊。实测回波数据验证了该方法的有效性,成功地实现了4架编队飞机目标的架次检测。     

基于离散时间风险模型下的亏损破产概率的研究

新定义离散时间风险模型下的亏损破产概率为初始盈余u,亏损额度不大于y的破产概率。利用离散时间风险模型下的终时破产概率的计算规律,得到初始盈余水平在不同条件下的亏损破产概率的具体表达形式,并且数值模拟了一定条件下不同参数取值对亏损破产概率的影响情况,数据表明当亏损边界固定时,随着初始盈余水平的增加,亏损破产概率水平逐渐减小;当初始盈余水平固定时,随着亏损边界的增加,亏损破产概率水平逐渐增多。     

Germline-specific dgcr8 knockout in zebrafish using a BACK approach

Zebrafish is an important model to study developmental biology and human diseases. However, an effective approach to achieve spatial and temporal gene knockout in zebrafish has not been well established. In this study, we have developed a new approach, namely bacterial artificial chromosome-rescue-based knockout (BACK), to achieve conditional gene knockout in zebrafish using the Cre/loxP system. We have successfully deleted the DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8 (dgcr8) in zebrafish germ line and demonstrated that the maternal-zygotic dgcr8 (MZdgcr8) embryos exhibit MZdicer-like phenotypes with morphological defects which could be rescued by miR-430, indicating that canonical microRNAs play critical role in early development. Our findings establish that Cre/loxP-mediated tissue-specific gene knockout could be achieved using this BACK strategy and that canonical microRNAs play important roles in early embryonic development in zebrafish.     

基于自适应背景模型的动态场景目标检测

背景建模一直是运动目标检测中的一个重要课题。该文提出一个适用于动态背景的基于非参数估计的前景背景对比模型。模型通过核函数估计的方法模拟了像素点五维特征向量的概率分布,并在图像序列中滚动更新。实验证明,上述算法能够在一般目标检测,特别是动态场景(摇动树枝等)的检测中取得较好的效果。     

基于曲率的自适应曲面数控磨削

利用等包络迹高度控制砂轮行走路径,实现了曲面的自适应数控成型磨削,以提高曲面的磨削效率.首先,根据曲面曲率建立自适应数控成型磨削的数控模式,然后,在比较等间距行走的数控磨削方式的基础上分析曲面曲率不同的成型磨削特征,最后,进行数控成型磨削试验和检测加工曲面的成形误差,验证该自适应数控成型磨削方法的有效性.分析结果表明,利用移动磨削点的包络成型磨削可以减小砂轮磨损对加工精度的影响.此外,等包络迹高度行走的数控磨削可以根据曲面曲率调节行走路经的间距,实现自适应磨削加工,提高曲面的加工效率,而且在加工曲率较大且提高加工精度时可以较大幅度地减少砂轮行走步数.试验结果表明,当等包络迹高度小至1μm时可以形成光顺的加工曲面,在100mm×40mm范围内形状误差PV值可以达到0.285mm.