线阵CCD图像减影技术实现抛射物体轨迹实时检测

为对抛射物体的运动进行分析 ,克服使用高速录像并逐帧分析像片图像的方法需要较长的后期分析时间 ,不便于对结果进行自动快速分析的缺点 ,论文基于抛射物体的运动学规律 ,通过在抛射曲线上的两个固定点的高度和跨越时间的检测 ,获得了抛射物的初始角度和初始速度。对高度和时间的检测 ,采用了线阵电荷耦合器件 (CCD)为图像传感器进行摄像并采用图像减影的方法识别抛射物体。在对系统进行静态标定的基础上 ,在抛射架上进行了抛射实验检测。用该文提供的方法和用录像检测方法对不同条件下的初始发射角和初速度进行检测 ,二者数据符合得很好     

贵州灵芝科Ganodermataceae菌物的地理分布

结合贵州灵芝菌物分类研究工作，采集了灵芝菌物标本200余号。经分类研究，灵芝菌物在贵州分布有45种，隶属3个属（灵芝属、假芝属和网孢芝属）其中有15种为贵州省新记录种。     

Change of water use efficiency and its relation with root system growth in wheat evolution

Raising crop water use efficiency (WUE) is the physiological basis to implement crop high efficiently using water. The present soil column and field experiments are designed to investigate the change of wheat WUE (Triticum aestivum L.) at whole plant level and root system growth in evolution and the relationship between WUE and its root system growth using 10 wheat evolution genotypes with different ploidy chromosomes sets. Results show that in wheat evolution from 2n→6n, WUE at whole plant level increases with the increase of ploidy chromosomes, and root system growth (root weight, root length) and root/shoot ratio of wheat decrease with the increase of ploidy chromosomes under dry and irrigated conditions. WUE is negatively correlated with root weight and root/shoot ratio of wheat in evolution, significantly. Root system growth has an adverse redundancy for WUE in wheat evolution, and the root redundancy reduces with the increase of ploidy chromosomes, which result in the increase of wheat WUE at whole plant level.     

Altruistic punishment in humans.

Human cooperation is an evolutionary puzzle. Unlike other creatures, people frequently cooperate with genetically unrelated strangers, often in large groups, with people they will never meet again, and when reputation gains are small or absent. These patterns of cooperation cannot be explained by the nepotistic motives associated with the evolutionary theory of kin selection and the selfish motives associated with signalling theory or the theory of reciprocal altruism. Here we show experimentally that the altruistic punishment of defectors is a key motive for the explanation of cooperation. Altruistic punishment means that individuals punish, although the punishment is costly for them and yields no material gain. We show that cooperation flourishes if altruistic punishment is possible, and breaks down if it is ruled out. The evidence indicates that negative emotions towards defectors are the proximate mechanism behind altruistic punishment. These results suggest that future study of the evolution of human cooperation should include a strong focus on explaining altruistic punishment.     

Reappraisal of Color Change in Women''''s Wears in China

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混纺试样束强测试中的实验方法

探讨混纺试样束强测试的实验方法，采用澳大利亚CSIRO研究所生产的SIROLAN－TENSOR束强测试仪，手工混制不同混纺比的毛涤试样，通过实验作比例分析，制定出可行的混纺试样测试方法（平铺式测试法）。     

树轮α-纤维素δ13C角分布及其气候含义

利用从中国天目山和庐山采集的4株树轮样，分析了树轮沿不同方位δ^13C的变化特点，讨论了角分布的成因。结果表明，树轮在不同方位上的木质α－纤维素δ^13C值不同，而且各方位上δ^13C的差异与分析期间历年平均值的年际差异在量级上大致相当。对各方位δ^13C作方差分析表明，各方位存在显性差异。说明δ^13C的角分布具有独立意义。对其中一棵柳杉树轮δ^13C角分布与气候要素的相关分析表明，不同方位的δ^13C值与年、季节和朋降水及温度相关，从而使树轮可记录住处分辨率提高、信息量增大。用树轮δ^13C的角分布重建的气候要素更能反映气候要素的实际变化情况。     

敏捷制造环境下基于多智能体的车间控制系统

针对敏捷制造的需求，提出了一种基于多智能体的车间控制系统，这种控制系统是由重构智能体，任务智能体、资源管理智能体、制造资源智能体构成的多智能体系统，通过智能体的自治和智能体之间的相互协调，完成车间控制任务并保证其敏捷特征，讨论了各种智能体的功能、作用和行为。     

非线性方程的一种区间迭代算法

把区间算法与正割算法相结合,给出了一种新的区间正割算法．并证明了其收敛性与Newton法相比,具有收敛快,误差小的优点,算例证明了其有效性．     

Ф40自由浮球式疏水阀工况分析

对自由浮球式疏水阀内浮球在开启过程中的受力情况进行了全面的分析,首次提出疏水阀开启疏水的两种不同方式。即滑动开启和滚动开启方式,并分别给出了两种不同开启方式所对应的压差合力和关闭力矩的计算公式。确定了保证此类疏水阀可靠工作的许用最高工作压力。可供此类疏水阀设计和开发参考。