A current filamentation mechanism for breaking magnetic field lines during reconnection

During magnetic reconnection, the field lines must break and reconnect to release the energy that drives solar and stellar flares and other explosive events in space and in the laboratory. Exactly how this happens has been unclear, because dissipation is needed to break magnetic field lines and classical collisions are typically weak. Ion-electron drag arising from turbulence, dubbed 'anomalous resistivity', and thermal momentum transport are two mechanisms that have been widely invoked. Measurements of enhanced turbulence near reconnection sites in space and in the laboratory support the anomalous resistivity idea but there has been no demonstration from measurements that this turbulence produces the necessary enhanced drag. Here we report computer simulations that show that neither of the two previously favoured mechanisms controls how magnetic field lines reconnect in the plasmas of greatest interest, those in which the magnetic field dominates the energy budget. Rather, we find that when the current layers that form during magnetic reconnection become too intense, they disintegrate and spread into a complex web of filaments that causes the rate of reconnection to increase abruptly. This filamentary web can be explored in the laboratory or in space with satellites that can measure the resulting electromagnetic turbulence.     

由General Chemistry的译名说起

本文提出我国化学教育中的两点失误原因,其中对General一词翻译有误,也导致了在化学教育中的不利影响,应该予以纠正,重新修订化学专业教学计划和课程设置方案,把化学教学改革推向前进.     

西安地区人群血清微量元素测定及相关因素

采用随机抽样的方法，应用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定了４３６名健康人血清中Ｚｎ，Ｆｅ，Ｃｕ，Ｍｎ，Ｐｂ，Ｃｄ，Ｃｒ，Ｎｉ，Ｍｏ和Ｓｅ等１０种微量元素；并用ＳＴ２８６型计算机进行多因素相关分析和统计处理．结果表明，血清中Ｚｎ，Ｃｕ元素分布比较集中，其它元素变异度较大；多数元素与年龄相关，其中Ｚｎ，Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ，Ｍｎ，Ｐｂ，Ｓｅ与年龄呈正相关，而Ｍｏ则与年龄呈负相关；多数微量元素含量与环境中微量元素分布相似．     

氧化铜光谱标准样品的研制

本文介绍了氧化铜光谱标准样品的研制方法，探讨和解决了标样研制中的若干问题．采用本文介绍的标样，能对ＧＢ４６６－８２［１］规定的纯铜中馑铋、锑、砷、铁、镍、铅、锡、锌八个杂质元素进行光谱定量分析．     

气泡在垂直向上流动液体中的形成

研究了液体垂直向上流动、气体水平引入时，导管端头处形成的气泡的尺寸大小。考察了液体平均流速、气体流量和导管直径对气泡脱离尺寸大小的影响。在力平衡假设的基础上，获得了预测气泡脱离尺寸的关系式，预测值与测量值比较，结果令人满意。     

矿井轨道运输信、集、闭系统模拟

编制了井下运输信、集、闭系统计算饥模拟模型ＴＲＡＮ—２．提出了信号区间设置的原则和方法．根据某大型矿井的实际生产系统．确定了最佳的信号区间长度及信号点个数．并给出了矿井不同发展阶段系统的能力及相应的信号设置．对产量、线路通过能力及信号位置作了大量方案的动态分析。     

微波技术提取油菜花粉多糖工艺的研究

以超临界CO2萃取脂肪酸后的油菜花粉为原料，研究微波技术提取油菜花粉多糖的工艺．本文考察了浸提固液比、微波强度、微波处理时间对多糖提取率的影响，并用正交法设计得出最佳工艺条件：浸提固液比为1：30，微波强度高档，微波处理时间10min．     

快速循环流化床上升管的轴向固体浓度分布

根据因次分析与气固流动压力损失提出了快速循环流化床中压力沿床高分布的计算式，由此公式来计算轴向固体容积率．本文使用此式对从众多作者不同条件下取得的数据进行拟合，表明该式能与不同系统的实验数据很好地符合，为快速床设计计算提供了依据     

The symmetric solutions of affiliated value model

0　IntroductionIntheprocessofR&Ditem ,thereisusuallycompetition .ManyfirmswanttoinvestR&Dtoobtainapatent.Lury[1 ] gaveanequilibriuminvestmentundertheconditionofone timeinvestmentandcontinuousinvestmentwhenthepayoffwasafixedprize.Ref.[2 ]analyzedtheeffectofinformationsharinginR&D .TherearemanyliteraturesaboutanalysisofR&DlevelswhenfirmscompeteinoutputmarketafterR&Dsucceeds[3 ,4] .Additionally ,todecideinvestmentlevel,therearemanyliteraturesaboutR&Ditem’spricing .MondherBellalah[5] ,K .…     

Experimental validation of inter-subspecific genetic diversity in rice represented by the differences between the DNA sequences of ‘Nipponbare’ and ‘93-11’

The pedigrees of three sequenced rice cultivars were analyzed to show that a majority of the genetic composition of 'Nipponbare' originates from japonica cultivars while the minority originates from indica cultivars. In contrast, '93-11' is derived mainly from indica cultivars with a smaller contribution from japonica cultivars. All ancestors of 'Guang lu ai 4' appeared to be indica lines. A set of molecular markers (46 InDels and 53 SSRs) polymorphic between 'Nipponbare' and '93-11' were examined in 46 typical indica and 47 typical japonica cultivars selected from 443 accessions according to Cheng's index. All cultivars were divided into indica and japonica groups without overlapping when clustered by Cheng's index, InDels and SSRs. Much higher InDel and SSR diversity between groups than within groups implies that the marker polymorphisms between 'Nipponbare' and '93-11' represent a large proportion of inter-subspecific diversity. About 85% of indica cultivars and more than 90% of japonica cultivars were confirmed to have the same PCR banding patterns as '93-11' and 'Nipponbare', respectively. Some polymorphic loci between 'Nipponbare' and '93-11' cannot be validated in other indica and japonica cultivars, either as subspecies-specific but not predominant alleles, or alleles not specific between the two groups. It was concluded that molecular markers developed from sequence polymorphism between 'Nipponbare' and '93-11' often represent inter-subspecific diversity, although some exceptions were sensitive to either particular marker loci or particular cultivars.