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Gui Y Guo G Huang Y Hu X Tang A Gao S Wu R Chen C Li X Zhou L He M Li Z Sun X Jia W Chen J Yang S Zhou F Zhao X Wan S Ye R Liang C Liu Z Huang P Liu C Jiang H Wang Y Zheng H Sun L Liu X Jiang Z Feng D Chen J Wu S Zou J Zhang Z Yang R Zhao J Xu C Yin W Guan Z Ye J Zhang H Li J Kristiansen K Nickerson ML Theodorescu D Li Y Zhang X Li S Wang J Yang H Wang J Cai Z 《Nature genetics》2011,43(9):875-878
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common type of bladder cancer. Here we sequenced the exomes of nine individuals with TCC and screened all the somatically mutated genes in a prevalence set of 88 additional individuals with TCC with different tumor stages and grades. In our study, we discovered a variety of genes previously unknown to be mutated in TCC. Notably, we identified genetic aberrations of the chromatin remodeling genes (UTX, MLL-MLL3, CREBBP-EP300, NCOR1, ARID1A and CHD6) in 59% of our 97 subjects with TCC. Of these genes, we showed UTX to be altered substantially more frequently in tumors of low stages and grades, highlighting its potential role in the classification and diagnosis of bladder cancer. Our results provide an overview of the genetic basis of TCC and suggest that aberration of chromatin regulation might be a hallmark of bladder cancer. 相似文献
145.
Canalization, also known as developmental robustness, describes an organism's ability to produce the same phenotype despite genotypic variations and environmental influences. In Drosophila, Hsp90, the trithorax-group proteins and transposon silencing have been previously implicated in canalization. Despite this, the molecular mechanism underlying canalization remains elusive. Here using a Drosophila eye-outgrowth assay sensitized by the dominant Kr(irregular facets-1)(Kr(If-1)) allele, we show that the Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway, but not the short interfering RNA or micro RNA pathway, is involved in canalization. Furthermore, we isolated a protein complex composed of Hsp90, Piwi and Hop, the Hsp70/Hsp90 organizing protein homolog, and we demonstrated the function of this complex in canalization. Our data indicate that Hsp90 and Hop regulate the piRNA pathway through Piwi to mediate canalization. Moreover, they point to epigenetic silencing of the expression of existing genetic variants and the suppression of transposon-induced new genetic variation as two major mechanisms underlying piRNA pathway-mediated canalization. 相似文献
146.
嵌入式系统上的图形用户界面(GUI)由于基于不同的软硬件平台,输入设备有很大差别,所以开发者在移植时要为不同的输入设备开发其与GUI之间的接口,以使得GUI能够正确响应用户的输入。GUI的输入引擎就是介于GUI处理核心和操作系统的输入设备驱动程序之间的一组抽象接口,它的功能是使不同的输入设备的驱动程序能够无缝地连接到GUI的消息处理程序中。因此,输入引擎可以改善GUI的可移植性。在基于at91rm9200微处理器和嵌入式Linux操作系统的软硬件平台上.讨论了开发GUI输入引擎的一般方法,并结合一个具体的GUI系统——MiniGUI,给出了一个输入引擎实例的开发过程。 相似文献
147.
网络环境下高校图书馆服务工作的探讨 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
雷音 《科技情报开发与经济》2006,16(6):63-65
介绍了网络环境下深化图书馆建设的策略,包括提高图书馆员的综合素质与能力和运用现代化技术手段为读者服务。 相似文献
148.
Experimental study of heat transfer of ultra-supercritical pressure water in vertical upward internally ribbed tube 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
王为术 《高技术通讯(英文版)》2007,13(1):17-22
Under ultra-supercritical pressure, the heat transfer characteristics of water in vertical upward 4-head internally ribbed tubes with a diameter of 28.65mm and thickness of 8mm were experimentally studied. The experiments were performed at P=25~34MPa, G=450~1800kg/(m2·s) and q=200~600kW/m2. The results show that the pressure has only a moderate effect on the heat transfer of ultra-supercritical water when the water temperature is below the pseudocritical point. Sharp rise of the wall temperature near the pesudocritical region occurs earlier at a higher pressure. Increasing the mass velocity improves the heat transfer with a much stronger effect below the pesudocritical point than that above the pesudocritical point. For given pressure and mass velocity, the inner wall heat flux also shows a significant effect on the inner wall temperature, with a higher inner wall heat flux leading to a higher inner wall temperature. Increasing of inner wall heat flux leads to an early occurrence of sharp rise of the wall temperature. Correlations of heat transfer coefficients are also presented for vertical upward internally ribbed tubes. 相似文献
149.
Graph clustering has a long-standing problem in that it is difficult to identify all the groups of vertices that are cohesively connected along their internal edges but only sparsely connected along their external edges. Apart from structural information in social networks, the quality of the location-information clustering has been improved by identifying clusters in the graph that are closely connected and spatially compact. However, in real-world scenarios,the location information of some users may be unavailable for privacy reasons, which renders existing solutions ineffective. In this paper, we investigate the clustering problem of privacy-preserving social networks, and propose an algorithm that uses a prediction-and-clustering approach. First, the location of each invisible user is predicted with a probability distribution. Then, each user is iteratively assigned to different clusters. The experimental results verify the effectiveness and efficiency of our method, and our proposed algorithm exhibits high scalability on large social networks. 相似文献
150.
顶板承载力问题主要存在于矿山开采、采空区以及岩溶区工程建设中。将应用于下伏空洞顶板承载力计算的理论方法归纳为弹性理论和极限分析方法2种,其中极限分析方法包括极限平衡法和极限分析上限法。对于具体问题的求解,利用弹性理论时,关键是选取合理的力学模型;利用极限分析方法时,关键是给出恰当破坏模式的假定。目前对于偏心荷载作用下的顶板破坏机理研究较少,尚没有成熟的理论计算方法,该方面的研究有待加强。 相似文献