改性壳聚糖吸附剂对水中低浓度汞的吸附

制备了几种改性壳聚糖吸附剂,通过优化试验确定了制备改性壳聚糖吸附剂的乙酸/壳聚糖浓度配比及固化碱液条件,并比较了不同吸附剂对Hg2+的吸附性能.以分子印迹法结合交联胺化改性法制备的Hg2+分子印迹改性壳聚糖吸附剂小球(P-C-CTS-ex(Hg0.3))对Hg2+具有最高的吸附容量,在低浓度Hg2+(CHg2+<40mg/L)溶液中,此吸附剂对Hg2+的吸附容量可达9.017 mg/g,比未改性壳聚糖(CTS)的吸附量高出1倍以上.研究还揭示了交联前Hg2+对壳聚糖分子中的活性氨基的保护功能及除Hg2+后的分子印迹作用.循环再生实验表明,P-C-CTS-ex(Hg0.3)经过8个循环以后的吸附容量保持稳定,颜色与外观等基本不变,重复使用性能稳定;而未改性CTS吸附剂经过"吸附-脱附-再生"8个循环后,球体积明显变小,颜色逐渐变黄,吸附容量不稳定.这表明本研究制备的Hg2+分子印迹改性壳聚糖吸附剂的吸附容量和再生性能均明显优于普通壳聚糖吸附剂,具有应用于含Hg废水处理的潜力.     

Protection efficacy of national wetland reserves in China

Wetlands have the most abundant biodiversity,the highest carbon sequestration capacity,and the highest values for ecological services per unit area,of all the world’s ecosystems.Practice has shown that establishing reserves is the most effective way of protecting typical ecosystems and their biodiversity,and saving rare or endangered wildlife.The Chinese government’s policy is to protect wetland systems by establishing reserves that encompass a massive network of wetlands,including wetland nature re-serves,internationally important wetlands,and wetland parks.Many are already established.The effect of protecting wetland nature reserves at the national level has not yet been reported.We used the latest database evaluating the protection value of wet-land reserves,and remotely sensed wetland maps(1978-2008) ,developed by the same mapping specialists and based on the same classification system,and related environmental data,to evaluate the effects of protecting China’s national wetland reserves over the last 30 years.We conclude that(i) the total area of wetland in the national wetland reserves has decreased over the last 30 years to 8152.47 km2,and just 8% of China’s net decrease in wetlands;(ii) about 79% of the 91 national wetland reserves are in a poor condition.These are generally located around the Yangtze River,Eastern Coast,the Three Rivers Source,and Southwest China.Protection measures should be undertaken urgently in these areas.Only 15% of national wetland reserves are under sound protection,and these are generally located in the upper reaches of the Songhua River;(iii) although 88% of national wetland re-serves are primitive(relatively natural) ,implying that the site selection has been scientific,a high percentage of national wetland reserves show early warning signs of decline and require urgent attention;(iv) based on our evaluation of protection effects and pressures on ecology,we have made a priority list of national wetland reserves,and propose several protection strategies.     

DJL—DE-11型太阳能电池电学性能研究

介绍了基于DJL—DE-11的太阳能电池I-V特性测试系统的工作原理,硬件设备。对硅型太阳能电池的输出特性进行了测量与分析,测量在无光照时、有光照时硅型太阳能电池的伏安特性、开路电压、短路电流、填充因子、相对光强。利用matlab软件数据模拟。进行数据拟合,得出了太阳能电池短路电流Isc、开路电压U。与相对光强J／J0之间的近似函数关系。     

沥青物性的虚拟组分法表征及模拟

煤焦油沥青的实沸点(TBP)数据是煤焦油分离工艺模拟研究的重要基础依据。由于缺乏相关的蒸馏实验基础数据,将文献中煤焦油沥青热重分析数据转换为实沸点数据,采用石油化工中的虚拟组分概念表征沥青组分的基础物性,并以此为依据,用Aspen Plus对煤焦油分离进行工艺模拟研究,模拟结果与实际情况吻合良好。     

十氢十硼酸双四乙基铵/纳米铝复合物的制备及其性能

为了改善硼氢燃料的能量输出特性,提高其作为推进剂及火炸药添加剂的燃烧效率,使用溶剂-非溶剂法制备了十氢十硼酸双四乙基铵/纳米铝含能复合物,并对其表面形貌、比表面积、热性能及气体分解产物进行了研究。结果表明,使用溶剂-非溶剂方法可制备具有良好分散性的十氢十硼酸双四乙基铵/纳米铝复合物,并能极大的减少纳米铝的团聚。复合物的比表面积为7. 06 m~2/g,远大于混合物的0. 20 m~2/g。BHN-10/纳米铝复合物在分解过程中可形成一种熔融分解型的中间产物,分解过程分为两个阶段,两阶段的分解温度分别为285. 1℃和304. 4℃,在形成BHN-10/纳米铝复合物后分解温度提前,第一分解放热峰提前到262. 0℃,第二分解放热峰提前到298. 8℃。分解气体产物主要为乙烯、乙烷、氨气和氢气等具有高热值的可燃性小分子气体。     

几个扩展基础上的载荷试验及其蠕变行为研究

应用一个新的模型分析了几个扩展基础载荷试验,着重揭示前人无法解释的土体的蠕变行为。发现:使用的模型能够表征扩展基础载荷试验下土体的蠕变行为,且经模型变换后的应变时间曲线在双对数轴上是一条直线,其斜率为模型的指数n值,且n的取值与模型的参考量无关;载荷试验下土体蠕变行为的原始数据受到木制反力梁的自重蠕变、卸载-再加载、不等的蠕变观察时间等三个因素的干扰,当剔除这些干扰后得到的n值荷载水平曲线,显示n值与应力水平无关,n可以被看作表征土体的蠕变特性的一个指标。     

Lithium isotope evidence for subduction-enriched mantle in the source of mid-ocean-ridge basalts

'Recycled' crustal materials, returned from the Earth's surface to the mantle by subduction, have long been invoked to explain compositional heterogeneity in the upper mantle. Yet increasingly, problems have been noted with this model. The debate can be definitively addressed using stable isotope ratios, which should only significantly vary in primitive, mantle-derived materials as a consequence of recycling. Here we present data showing a notable range in lithium isotope ratios in basalts from the East Pacific Rise, which correlate with traditional indices of mantle heterogeneity (for example, 143Nd/144Nd ratios). Such co-variations of stable and radiogenic isotopes in melts from a normal ridge segment provide critical evidence for the importance of recycled material in generating chemical heterogeneity in the upper mantle. Contrary to many models, however, the elevated lithium isotope ratios of the 'enriched' East Pacific Rise lavas imply that subducted ocean crust is not the agent of enrichment. Instead, we suggest that fluid-modified mantle, which is enriched during residency in a subduction zone, is mixed back into the upper mantle to cause compositional variability.     

褐色高温单孢菌PE-211产纤维素酶的酶学特性研究

对褐色高温单孢菌PE-211(Thermomomospora fuscd PE-211)形态学和生物学特征进行了研究,该菌适宜在pH8．0～10．0、55-60℃条件下生长．初步研究了该菌产生的纤维素酶(CMCase)的一些基本性质,结果表明．CMCase最适作用温度为75℃,最适作用pH为9．0,Ca^2 和Mn^2 对酶反应有促进作用,Pb^2 和Hg^2 时酶反应有抑制作用．这种酶制剂在洗涤剂工业中具有良好的应用前景．     

基于ERTOS的EWS过载性能

在EWS过载情况下,CPU几乎被完全用于处理网卡中断,高层的应用程序得不到执行,EWS就出现了收包活锁现象·在此情况下,对一个EWS的收包过程进行了分析,并把EWS的收包过程看作由网卡中断处理和TCP/IP处理两部分构成·根据二级串连排队网络的理论,通过建立收包过程模型和对此模型的分析,提出了一种在系统预测到即将发生收包活锁的情况下,通过暂时关闭网卡中断来降低包到达速率,以解决收包活锁的方法,并对此方法进行了试验分析和验证·     

纳米铝在炸药中的分散性和成型性

为了研究纳米铝在炸药中的分散性和成型性,利用不同溶剂对纳米铝进行了分散;利用超声波分散法、高速剪切混合法、叶片式搅拌混合、分散加高速分散机混合对黑索金/铝(RDX/Al)体系进行分散;采用熔融混合造粒工艺研究了不同纳米铝粉含量的成型性,采用直接混合造粒工艺研究了不同纳米铝粉含量对RDX/Al体系成型性,结果表明:乙酸乙酯的分散效果最好;超声分散可以提高纳米铝粉的分散均匀性;采用的三种工艺可以达到相同的分散效果;微米铝和纳米铝在三硝基甲苯(TNT)中的成型性基本无变化;在RDX/Al体系的压装炸药中,含纳米铝的炸药成型性较含微米铝的炸药差;含纳米铝炸药的密度随铝粉含量增加呈现非线性变化,而纳米铝和微米铝级配的炸药密度随铝粉含量增加呈现线性增加.