A theoretical model for mid-and low-latitude ionospheric electric fields in realistic geomagnetic fields

The geomagnetic fields, which play important roles in the ionospheric dynamo, can greatly affect the global distribution of ionospheric electric fields, currents and other ionospheric electrodynamics phenomena. In the study of ionospheric electrodynamics phenomena, such as the longitudinal variations of ionospheric electric fields, the non-dipolar component of the geomagnetic fields must be taken into account. In this paper, we deduce a theoretical electric field model for ionospheric dynamo at mid- and low-latitude which adopt a modified magnetic apex coordinates system. In the new electric field model, the geomagnetic fields can be calculated from either the IGRF model or the dipole field model, and the neutral winds and conductivities are calculated based on empirical models. Then the dynamo equation for the electric potential is finally solved in terms of the line-by-line iteration method, and the ionospheric electric fields and currents are derived from the calculated potential. Our model can reproduce the main features of the ionospheric electrodynamics processes, so it will be a useful tool for the investigation of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere.     

用正交法优化钻井液的配方

简述了正交法在钻井液配方优化中的原理和方法,并证明了采用正交法进行钻井液处理剂的配方优选时,不仅能考虑多种因素、找出各因素对指标的影响,而且可充分考虑到各因素之间的交互作用,从而优选配置出最佳的钻井液。此方法简单、可靠,可带来较好的经济效益。     

喀斯特粘土矿物的稀土元素实验研究

本文报道对喀斯特粘土矿物进行稀土元素水解实验、解析实验、人工吸附实验的研究结果，目的在于探讨粘土矿物对离子型稀土元素最佳吸附的ＰＨ值环境。     

On the Foundations of Constructive Mathematics – Especially in Relation to the Theory of Continuous Functions

We discuss the foundations of constructive mathematics, including recursive mathematics and intuitionism, in relation to classical mathematics. There are connections with the foundations of physics, due to the way in which the different branches of mathematics reflect reality. Many different axioms and their interrelationship are discussed. We show that there is a fundamental problem in BISH (Bishop’s school of constructive mathematics) with regard to its current definition of ‘continuous function’. This problem is closely related to the definition in BISH of ‘locally compact’. Possible approaches to this problem are discussed. Topology seems to be a key to understanding many issues. We offer several new simplifying axioms, which can form bridges between the various branches of constructive mathematics and classical mathematics (‘reuniting the antipodes’). We give a simplification of basic intuitionistic theory, especially with regard to so-called ‘bar induction’. We then plead for a limited number of axiomatic systems, which differentiate between the various branches of mathematics. Finally, in the appendix we offer BISH an elegant topological definition of ‘locally compact’, which unlike the current definition is equivalent to the usual classical and/or intuitionistic definition in classical and intuitionistic mathematics, respectively.     

滚动轴承疲劳故障的在线监视和诊断技术

本文研究振动诊断方法在滚动轴承疲劳故障在线监视和诊断中的应用。 文中指出:通过在轴承寿命试验机上所作的大量试验发现,当轴承疲劳后,在作为其二次效应的振动信号中,除存在已为国内外学者指出并广为使用的“通过频率(又称冲击振动发生间隔频率)”和“高频冲击脉冲”两种信息特征外,还存在另一种位于中高频段的鲜为人知的重要信息特征——某“高频峰群”。 本文对该高频峰群的形成机理、影响因素及检测方法进行了初步研究,并利用这种新的信息特征研制了“以带通滤波器或以精化信息特征DDS模型谱分析法为主体的两种轴承疲劳故障在线监视和诊断装置。     

基于多级频谱分析和能熵比的应答器系统设计

为解决传统应答器系统在模拟不同距离水下目标时易受强噪声干扰及转发时延精度不高的问题,提出一种粗-细两级波达时刻估计方法并开发一套高精度时延的可靠应答器系统.该系统主要由以信号采集、信号处理为主的上位机和以功率放大器、换能器为主的下位机组成.其中上位机利用多级频谱分析及其峰均比大于设定门限进行粗估计,初步获取信号的波头;再利用基于能熵比的双门限检测算法进行细估计,获得更精准的波达时刻,进而解决了时延不准的问题;最后,系统下位机通过 TCP 接收上位机传输的应答信号并在预定时刻应答回波信号.湖试结果显示,该系统的时延误差小于 40 ms,具有高精度的转发时延优势,并且在强噪声干扰下具有良好的鲁棒性.     

A novel mechanism for jumping in the indian ant<Emphasis Type="Italic">Harpegnathos saltator</Emphasis> (Jerdon) (Formicidae,Ponerinae)

The Indian antHarpegnathos saltator may be unique among insects in using its jumping capacity not only as an escape mechanism but also as a normal means of locomotion, and for catching its prey in flight. High-speed cinematography used to analyse the various phases of the jump suggests thatHarpegnathos employs a novel jumping mechanism to mediate these behaviours: namely the synchronous activation of its middle and hindlegs. Electrophysiological recordings from muscles or nerves in pairs of middle and hindlegs show remarkably synchronous activity during fictive jumping, supporting the synchronous activation hypothesis.Harpegnathos is not the only ant to jump, and a cladistic analysis suggests that jumping behaviour evolved independently three times during ant evolutionary history.     

Critical slope gradient for compulsory abandonment of farmland on the hilly Loess Plateau

Scientific evidence for the upper limit of farmland is proposed. Shallow gully erosion is one of erosion types distributed extensively on sloping farmland in the hilly regions of the Loess Plateau. Field observation and aerial photos interpretation, as well as laboratory experiments show that the shallow gully erosion occurring on the steeper farmland in the hilly regions of the Loess Plateau is an important factor leading to intensive erosion on slope, because of its extensive distribution and intensive runoff collection. The data on the formation, development and distribution of shallow gullies on sloping farmland indicate that critical slope gradient for shallow gully initiation ranges from 15 to 20 degrees with an average of 18.2 degrees. Therefore, it is suggested that critical slope gradient for compulsory abandonment of farmland on the hilly Loess Plateau should be kept within the critical slope gradient for shallow gully initiation to prevent shallow gully formation in order to control soil loss more effectively. But as the first step, the cultivation on the slopes with slope larger than 25 degrees where the maximum erosion occurs should be strictly forbidden.     

力学量算符本征函数的正交归一性

文中讨论了力学量算符本征函数的正交归一化性质,给出了得到正交归一化函数的方法。     

脂多糖—被动血凝试验早期诊断伤寒的价值

为评估脂多糖－被动血凝试验（ＬＰＳ－ＰＨＡ）早期诊断伤寒的应用价值,对病程不同的１０２例伤寒患者用ＬＰＳ－ＰＨＡ、肥达反应和细菌培养进行检测,２００例非伤寒发热患者作为对照。结果显示：伤寒患者病程第一周ＬＰＳ－ＰＨＡ阳性率为８０％（２４／３０）,第二周达９７７３％（４３／４４）;细菌培养阳性率２４５１％;肥达反应的伤寒与副伤寒鞭毛抗体交叉阳性率达３７２５％;对照组ＬＰＳ－ＰＨＡ有２％的假阳性。结果表明：ＬＰＳ－ＰＨＡ可早期、简便及快速诊断伤寒,有较高的敏感性和特异性。