Preface

Different from traditional tax audit, supervision with self-audit is a combination of audit by the taxpayer himself and audit by the tax authority. This paper mainly studies a taxpayer’s optimal policy of tax evasion under supervision with self-audit and its related properties, in order to deduce some effective suggestions and theoretical bases to restrain tax evasion. Assuming that only a certain proportion of evaded tax can be discovered when the audit is executed, the authors first formulate a static model with self-audit. This model is divided into two stages. At the first stage, taxpayers declare their taxes, then the tax authority chooses audit objects, based on a known probability, and announces the result; if the taxpayer is chosen, he will enter the second stage, during which he has a chance to pay the evaded tax and the corresponding late fees and then is audited by the tax authority. The authors show the existence and uniqueness of the optimal amount of tax evasion at the first stage and the optimal proportion to self-expose at the second stage. The authors also discuss the related properties of the interior solution, and do elasticity analyses on some parameters. Besides, the authors extend the static model into the corresponding two-period model, and study the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the extended model. Finally, under the assumption that tax evasion can only be discovered with a certain probability when the audit is executed, the authors formulate another static model with self-audit and investigate its properties. This research is partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 60674082, 70221001, and 70731003.     

Tax Evasion: Models with Self-Audit

Different from traditional tax audit, supervision with self-audit is a combination of audit by the taxpayer himself and audit by the tax authority. This paper mainly studies a taxpayer＇s optimal policy of tax evasion under supervision with self-audit and its related properties, in order to deduce some effective suggestions and theoretical bases to restrain tax evasion. Assuming that only a certain proportion of evaded tax can be discovered when the audit is executed, the authors first formulate a static model with self-audit. This model is divided into two stages. At the first stage, taxpayers declare their taxes, then the tax authority chooses audit objects, based on a known probability, and announces the result; if the taxpayer is chosen, he will enter the second stage, during which he has a chance to pay the evaded tax and the corresponding late fees and then is audited by the tax authority. The authors show the existence and uniqueness of the optimal amount of tax evasion at the first stage and the optimal proportion to self-expose at the second stage. The authors also discuss the related properties of the interior solution, and do elasticity analyses on some parameters. Besides, the authors extend the static model into the corresponding two-period model, and study the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the extended model. Finally, under the assumption that tax evasion can only be discovered with a certain probability when the audit is executed, the authors formulate another static model with self-audit and investigate its properties.     

舰船装备维修费单项预测集对分析与组合建模

根据集对分析的基本原理,结合基于误差大小的集对分析组合预测,给出了基于误差方向的集对分析组合预测和基于模型性能的集对分析组合预测;针对基于误差大小的集对分析组合预测建模过程中,从关联度的确定到组合权重的计算过程相对复杂、难以理解,推导简化了组合预测权重计算过程;针对集对分析中同一度为0时导致组合预测模型信息丢失的问题,提出了一种基于折扣的同一度、差异度、对立度转换处理方法。最后算例说明了该方法的有效性。     

基于D2D通信的蜂窝数据分流补偿机制设计

设备到设备(device to device,D2D)通信允许邻近用户使用蜂窝网络频段直接通信,既能分流部分蜂窝数据,减轻基站负担,又能提升服务质量。但由于信息不对称,蜂窝网络不知道用户的类型参数,无法准确提供合理补偿,以激励用户参与数据分流。基于契约理论设计了一种分流补偿机制,首先设计蜂窝网络收益函数和分流用户代价函数及其二者的效用;然后基于用户类型参数服从均匀分布设计补偿机制,验证了该机制能满足个人理性和激励相容条件,分析了该机制的最优性能;最后与正比例补偿机制和完全信息补偿机制进行对比仿真,结果表明,本文设计的分流补偿机制既能保证用户愿意参与数据分流,也鼓励用户报告自身真实的类型参数,还能获得接近于完全信息补偿机制下的效用和性能。     

含区间参数的战场资源动态调度模型及算法

战场资源调度是作战指挥领域研究的热点.首先描述了战场资源调度问题,分析了战场资源动态调度需求,在此基础上建立了包含区间参数的战场资源动态调度模型.然后设计了三种不同的贪心策略,分别为基本贪心策略、双重贪心策略和一致贪心策略,提出了模型求解的混合贪心算法.最后结合联合作战算例进行了仿真验证,结果表明本文方法可行优越,能应用于不确定性的战场环境中.     

分数布朗运动下欧式汇率期权的定价

应用风险偏好和均衡定价方法,考虑了标的资产服从分数布朗运动下的汇率期权定价问题.首先利用条件期望构建了条件过 程的联合密度函数, 然后,基于历史有限信息推导出分数欧式汇率期权的闭式解. 为了理解定价模型,进一步分析了赫斯特指数对定价 结果的影响. 最后,给出了基于GBP/USD期权的实证研究.不同模型的结果说明了汇率市场具有分形特性.     

准循环LDPC好码设计

现有准循环(QC)LDPC码的设计未考虑避免短环问题与校验矩阵的行相关问题.第一个问题使准循环LDPC码的误码率性能远低于随机LDPC码,第二个问题使得构造生成矩阵非常困难.为解决第一个问题,提出避免短环的准循环LDPC码的设计约束条件,根据四、六环检验结果调整校验矩阵中循环子矩阵的维数和移位因子.为解决第二个问题,提出一种不规则准循环LDPC码的设计方法,该方法将校验矩阵中的特定位置的子矩阵用零矩阵和循环矩阵置换,获得一非奇异方阵,用于构造生成矩阵.虽然在校验矩阵中采用双对角线子矩阵可解决校验矩阵的行相关问题,但是会产生低码重的码字,导致误码率性能不能随码长增加而提高.计算机仿真结果表明,设计的准循环LDPC码具有良好的误码率性能.     

基于联合子带ANM的小快拍宽带DOA估计方法

针对被动探测系统中,经典宽带信号波达方位(direction-of-arrival, DOA)估计方法在小快拍条件下无法直接有效地进行方位估计的问题,提出了一种基于联合子带最小原子范数(atomic norm minimization, ANM)的小快拍宽带信号方位估计方法。该方法首先将宽带信号划分的各子带聚焦到参考频点,再联合聚焦后的子带进行数据矩阵重构,最后通过ANM半正定规划优化,构造并恢复出一个最优的Toeplitz矩阵。该Toeplitz矩阵经过特征分解,能获得准确的信号子空间,从而实现有效的DOA估计。仿真结果表明,本文所提的方位估计方法在小快拍条件下具有良好的DOA估计性能,且能够估计相干源目标。     

基于近场扫描的移动通信卫星EMC性能评估

针对移动通信卫星射频载荷产生的系统内和系统间复杂电磁兼容性问题,以及批产化研制特点带来的非专门电磁兼容性试验验证评估需求,提出了一种基于近场扫描的电磁兼容性评估方法。针对卫星载荷的辐射影响,采用柱面近场扫描获得载荷的近场辐射特性,用于系统内的电磁兼容性分析。基于近远场变换技术获得远场辐射特性,用于星座系统间的电磁兼容性评估。给出了探头补偿方法和扫描步进优化方法来提高测试准确度和测试效率。仿真和试验校验证明了方法的有效性。将该方法应用到卫星系统内和系统间电磁兼容性(electromagnetic compatibility, EMC)分析评估中,结果表明方法可有效满足工程应用需求。     

地形遮挡对GNSS干扰范围影响的高效仿真算法

在卫星导航对抗效能的仿真中,真实地理环境的地形遮挡对全球导航卫星系统(global navigtion satellite system, GNSS)干扰源干扰范围影响的仿真计算是个重要问题。通常情况下,地形遮挡对GNSS干扰范围影响的计算通过基于视线可视域分析的算法得到,但该方法存在大量冗余计算。为了减少计算量,提出一种基于参考面可视域分析的GNSS干扰范围高效仿真计算方法,利用干扰源与目标点附近可视高程值对应的辅助格网点建立参考面,通过目标点实际高程值与参考面映射高程值判断目标点的受干扰情况,避免了目标点与干扰源视线方向上多个采样点的插值计算。仿真分析表明,当待分析区域半径约为145 290 m时,该算法与传统基于视线可视域分析的GNSS干扰范围仿真计算方法相比, Matlab耗时大幅减少了97.38%,但结果差异并不明显,仅为0.94%。因此,所提方法可以高效、准确地计算出地形影响下GNSS干扰范围,为干扰源优化部署、战场环境仿真分析等提供理论指导。