加热与加酸对污泥释磷影响研究

利用热和酸有助于微生物细胞破碎原理,对含磷污泥在不同温度（60、70、80、90℃）,不同无机酸（H2SO4、HCl、HNO3）以及两者共同作用下的释磷效果进行了比较研究．结果表明,随着加热时间延长和温度升高,污泥释磷率提高,90℃下加热2h,总磷（T-P）释放率为22．5％,明显比60℃下高．在加酸条件下,随着酸浓度提高,T-P释放率提高．在10％HCl反应条件下,污泥磷释放效果最好,释磷比率为52．2％;10％HzS0t条件下,释磷效果稍差,释磷率为46．0％;10％HNO3与前两者相比,释磷效果最差,释磷率为39．6％．加热和加酸条件下释磷效果的比较结果表明,加酸比加热更有利于T-P释放．在热和酸联合作用下,污泥T-P释放效果更好．在90℃＋2％HCl条件下经2h后,T—P释放率达到96．3％．显微镜观察显示仅仅加热对含磷污泥中微生物的细胞形态破坏得不彻底,但通过加热和加酸联合作用和反应后,微生物细胞被完全破碎．     

GM(1,1)模型改进算法及其应用研究

原始序列规律、一次累加生成序列光滑度及其初始值是影响GM（1,1）模型预测精度的主要原因.为了获得较高的预测精度,在原有改善序列光滑度方法的基础上,给出一种基于加权和最小平均相对误差的灰色改进算法.该改进算法不但能够提高拟合及预测精度,而且拓展了传统GM（1,1）预测模型的适用范围.将传统方法与改进算法应用于实际设备故障诊断和寿命预测,结果表明,改进算法对于机械设备的预知维修具有较好的参考价值.     

一种间断观测下的无人机地面目标跟踪方法

提出了一种基于贝叶斯滤波器和适航地图的跟踪算法(BF-Hmap),解决间断观测下的无人机地面目标跟踪问题.采用基于中心线和梯度图的快速道路提取算法生成目标适航地图,该图描述了地面目标与当前地形相关的运动能力.采用贝叶斯滤波器分两步在线更新目标状态的后验概率分布,即在预测阶段考虑适航地图对目标运动的约束,以及在估计阶段充分利用目标的所有观测信息.仿真结果表明,在间断观测下该算法对地面机动目标有着良好的跟踪效果.     

大型高功率激光装置下装系统的碰撞检测

分析了大型高功率激光装置在线可替换单元装校过程的特殊性,建立了基于区域划分的下装系统的方向包围盒,在包围盒的计算中引入闵可夫斯基和的概念,并在其基础上对分离轴的选择进行优化组合,结合碰撞的局部性原理,构建了一种动态的OBB(Oriented Bounding Box)层次树检测方法,经过中国大型高功率激光装置下装系统的装校仿真实践,结果表明这种划分区域的连续检测方法高效可靠。     

Entransy dissipation minimization for optimization of heat exchanger design

In this paper,by taking the water-water balanced counterflow heat exchanger as an example,the entransy dissipation theory is applied to optimizing the design of heat exchangers.Under certain conditions,the optimal duct aspect ratio is determined analytically.When the heat transfer area or the duct volume is fixed,analytical expressions of the optimal mass velocity and the minimal entransy dissipation rate are obtained.These results show that to reduce the irreversible dissipation in heat exchangers,the heat exchange area should be enlarged as much as possible,while the mass velocity should be reduced as low as possible.     

Salicylic acid and ethylene signaling pathways are involved in production of rice trypsin proteinase inhibitors induced by the leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis （Guenee）

The roles of signaling pathways in the production of trypsin proteinase inhibitors (TrypPIs) in rice infested by the leaf folder (LF) Cnaphalocrocis medinalis were studied. Infestation by LF increased TrypPI levels in the leaves of rice plants at the tillering, booting and flowering stages but decreased TrypPI levels at the ripening stage; TrypPI levels in rice stems did not increase at any developmental stage. Infestation by LF at the tillering stage systemically increased TrypPI levels in leaves but not in stems; it also enhanced salicylic acid (SA) levels in leaves and stems, and the ethylene level released from plants. However, LF infestation did not increase JA concentrations. Exogenous application of SA or ethylene enhanced TrypPI levels in the leaves and stems of plants at the tillering stage, whereas treatment with both SA and ethylene induced lower levels of TrypPIs than treatment with SA or ethylene alone, suggesting an antagonistic effect of SA and ethylene on TrypPIs induction. The results suggest that both SA and ethylene signaling pathways are involved in the production of TrypPIs in rice induced by LF; moreover, the antagonistic effect of SA and ethylene may explain the changes in TrypPI levels seen at different plant developmental stages and in different organs.     

Optimization model of a structural simulation design for a CICC

The engineering design of a Cable-In-Conduit Conductor (CICC) is complicated. A model for the optimal design of a CICC based on conductor stability, AC loss and strain is proposed. The model considers the critical current density as a function of applied strain. A mathematical programming method that minimizes the AC loss of the CICC is established to yield an optimal design for the CICC structure. The optimized structure and related performance agree well with the engineering design values used for the KSTAR project.     

化学沉积法制备用于印制电子的超细银粉

采用液相化学沉积法,以硝酸银为原料,水合肼为还原剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂,在室温下将硝酸银溶液滴加到还原性溶液中得到银颗粒的悬浮液,并经微孔滤膜过滤后制得用于印制电子业的超细银粉.用TEM、XRD与粒径分析等手段对产物的粒径与性状进行了表征,并进一步研究了PVP与硝酸银浓度对银粉粒度及产率的影响.这种制备工艺避免了传统机械研磨工艺中银粉纯度低、技术指标不一致的缺点,具有较好的应用前景.     

利用全天超新星数据限制能量条件

用全天的超新星数据对能量条件进行了限制,比较了不同天空方向上的异同,并尝试将空间按距离分层分别进行能量条件的限制.通过对全天近2000颗超新星样本的分区域研究,我们发现在大尺度上超新星数据显示了较好的各向同性,但是非均匀性比较明显;超新星本动可能是导致能量条件遭到违反的重要原因.     

贵州晚三叠世关岭鱼龙的原始尾弯对比研究

通过对贵州关岭上三叠统卡尼阶法郎组瓦窑段地层中的两件关岭鱼龙属标本的观察、测量,并与早侏罗世鱼龙标本对比研究,发现晚三叠世的关岭鱼龙尾椎中部存在一定数量形态发生变化的侧视呈梯形的椎体,已经具有了传统观点认为只在侏罗纪和白垩纪鱼龙中出现的尾弯,弯角为15°左右(侏罗纪鱼龙尾弯弯角可达60°).这一衍生性状的出现表明晚三叠...