Evolutionary and ecological implications of cardenolide sequestration in the monarch butterfly

Summary Monarch butterflies sequester cardenolides from their larval host plants in the milkweed genusAsclepias for use in defense against predation. Of 108Asclepias species in North America, monarchs are known to feed as larvae on 27. Research on 11 of these has shown that monarchs sequester cardenolides most effectively, to an asymptote of approximately 350 g/0.1 g dry butterfly, from plants with intermediate cardenolide contents rather than from those with very high or very low cardenolide contents. SinceAsclepias host plant species are distributed widely in space and time across the continent, monarchs exploit them by migration between breeding and overwintering areas. After overwintering in central Mexico, spring migrants east of the Rocky Mountains exploit three predominantAsclepias species in the southern USA that have moderately high cardenolide contents. Monarchs sequester cardenolides very effectively from these species. First generation butterflies are thus well protected against predators and continue the migration north. Across the northern USA and southern Canada most summer breeding occurs on a fourthAsclepias species and in autumn most of these monarchs migrate back to Mexican overwintering sites. The ecological implications of this cycle of cardenolide sequestration for the evolution of monarch migration are discussed.     

滇东牛头山地区早震旦世沉积相及大地构造环境

野外调查和室内分析表明,牛头山地区陆良组、牛头山组应属下震旦统,其沉积相类型自下而上可划分为辫状河相、河口湾相、浅海相、滨海相、浅海相及三角洲相。“牛头山古陆”在早震旦世是不存在的。牛头山地区当时为被动大陆边缘。     

Comments on “aggregation of equivalence relations” by P. C. Fishburn and A. Rubinstein

The theorem of the paper Aggregation of Equivalence Relations, by Fishburn and Rubinstein, states a result already known. This theorem improves a result from Mirkin (1975) and appears as a corollary occurring in Leclerc (1984).

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Resume L'unique théorème de l'article Aggregation of Equivalence Relations de Fishburn et Rubinstein est déja connu. Il améliore, en fait, un résultat de Mirkin (1975) et apparait en tant que corollaire dans Leclerc (1984).

     

ICP-AES法测定录音带磁粉中七种痕量元素

用顺序ICP光谱仪测定录音带磁粉中Ca、Mg、Cr、Co、Mn、Zn和Ti等痕量元素。样品用H_2SO_4/H_3PO_4/HNO_3混合酸分解。利用仪器的扫描程序,确定被测元素的分析线及背景校正点波长,并求干扰元素校正系数。估计了七个元素的检出限。测得平均回收率在90～104%之间。     

The contents of the pygidial gland of the primitive antNothomyrmecia macrops (Hymenoptera:Formicidae)

Summary The principal constituent of the pygidial gland ofNothomyrmecia macrops is 3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-2-one, a substance not previously identified in insects. Also identified were 2,6-dimethylhept-5-enal, 2-nonanone, indole, -dodecalactone, and the hydrocarbons pentadecane, heptadecane, heptadecene and heptadecadiene, all in low nanogram quantities.     

Paranormal health claims

Summary Faith in paranormal cures has always been the last hope of many sufferers from chronic or incurable diseases. Magico-religious rituals of healing are still around, but some have been replaced by pseudo-scientific systems, thinly disguising old superstitions in new obscurantism, more appealing to the half-educated. in medical quackery, inventiveness seems to be limitless, and only the main paranormal healing systems can be reviewed here. The increasing popularity of alternative healing indicates the extent of dissatisfaction with dehumanising aspects of modern, technological medicine and its preoccupation with curing the curable at the expense of caring for the incurable. This leaves the sufferers, and also healthy people labelled with non-existent diseases, bleeding prey for the sharks roving the seas of medical ignorance. Medicine came into the world with a twin brother called Charlatanism — Lavoisier     

过阻尼振子系统中役使原理与绝热近似的关系及适用条件的探讨——线性情况(Ⅰ)

本文指出,《协同学》中将绝热近似与役使原理等同是不妥的,前者只是后者的特例。为此给出了役使原理的新表述,并探讨两者的关系。由此可将H.Haken的理论推广于非绝热近似的情形。 应用役使原理于过阻尼振子系统中,探讨绝热近似的适用条件,引进高级绝热近似的概念,并探讨其适用条件。由此可见考虑时滞。     

Pharmacodynamic profile of CQP 201-403, a novel 8α-amino-ergoline

Summary The profile of action in animals of CQP 201-403, a novel 8-amino-ergoline, is in most aspects that of a very potent dopaminomimetic, both as a prolactin secretion inhibitor, and at the levels of the CNS and the cardiovascular system. Qualitatively CQP 201-403 differs slightly from bromocriptine and apomorphine in its effects on the CNS (no influence on serotonin metabolism in the rat cortex; induction of masculine mounting behavior in rats) and the cardiovascular system of the dog (reflex tachycardia in response to a blood-pressure fall). In man the new compound proved to be highly active in lowering prolactin serum levels and to be more potent than bromocriptine (Parlodel^®).In memory of Dr Annemarie Closse, who died 14 June 1987.     

邯邢冶金矿山管理局物资管理信息系统的研究

简要介绍了《邯邢冶金矿山管理局物资管理信息系统》的研制开发情况,系统的主要功能和特点。     

螺纹联接动载荷强度计算公式的探讨

该文以柴油机的连杆螺栓联接(非标准件)为例,在微机上用动力有限元方法对螺栓各圈螺牙的载荷分布,螺栓的静、动应力分布进行了计算与研究。提出了较材料力学经验公式精确的既简单又实用的螺纹联接的动载荷强度计算公式。