Corrosion behavior of high-strength spring steel for high-speed railway

The corrosion resistance and evolution of corrosion products in medium-carbon high-strength spring steels were investigated in a neutral salt spray (5wt% NaCl solution). A formation model of γ-FeOOH and a transformation model describing the conversion of γ-FeOOH to α-FeOOH were constructed. The results indicated that, at the initial corrosion stage, the corrosion resistance was gradually improved with the addition of Cr; however, with the addition of alloying element V, the corrosion resistance decreased. These results were attributed mainly to the initial corrosion stage being closely related to the matrix microstructure parameters such as grain-boundary character and dislocation density. After the rust layer was formed at a later corrosion stage, the corrosion resistance was reinforced with the addition of Cr and V because Cr strongly influenced the composition, structure, and morphology of the corrosion products. The results presented herein show that Cr was conducive to the transformation of γ-FeOOH into α-FeOOH. Moreover, V and Cr exhibited obvious synergy and were enriched in the inner layer of the corrosion products.     

Microstructural characterization and oxidation resistance of multicomponent equiatomic CoCrCuFeNi-TiO high-entropy alloy

CoCrCuFeNi-TiO was prepared by arc melting of the pure elements and Ti₂CO powder under an Ar atmosphere. Both CoCrCuFeNi and CoCrCuFeNi-TiO alloys are composed of a face-centered cubic (fcc) solid solution, whereas the alloys of CoCrCuFeNi-TiO are basically composed of an fcc solid solution and TiO crystals. The microstructures of CoCrCuFeNi-TiO are identified as dendrite and interdendrite structures such as CoCrCuFeNi. The morphology of TiO is identified as an equiaxed crystal with a small amount of added Ti₂CO. By increasing the amount of Ti₂CO added, the TiO content was dramatically increased and part of the equiaxed crystals changed to a dendrite structure. A test of the oxidation resistance demonstrates that the oxidation resistance of CoCrCuFeNi-TiO is better than that of CoCrCuFeNi. However, as the TiO content increases further, a corresponding decrease is observed in the oxidation resistance.     

基于Jacobian矩阵的5UPS-RPS并联机构全域性能指标分析

提出一种由一个RPS约束分支和5个UPS主动分支构成的新型空间对称五自由度并联机构.为研究动平台和定平台半径变化对该五自由度并联机构速度性能指标的影响规律,利用虚设机构法求出机构一阶和二阶影响系数矩阵,并推导了速度和加速度表达式,利用推导的Jacobian矩阵对机构进行速度全域性能指标分析,并绘出上述性能指标图谱,得到动平台和定平台尺寸变化对并联机构性能的影响趋势,同时也得到所给动平台和定平台尺寸范围内速度性能较好的尺寸,为机构优化设计提供了理论依据.      

Nanoengineering of amino - functionalized mesoporous silica nanospheres as nanoreactors

Selective functionalization of mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSNs) is crucial for nanoengineering of MSNs. Herein, we have combined “surface-protected etching strategy” and “cationic surfactant assisted etching strategy” to prepare functionalized MSNs with externally attached amino groups. The externally attached NH2 groups endow the catalysts with excellent catalytic performance for nitroaldol reaction between nitromethane and benzaldehyde. In addition, those NH2-MSNs can also be used to support gold nanoparticles, which display very good catalytic performance for reduction of 4-nitrophenol. It can be envisioned that the synthesis protocol developed in this work could also be extended to nanoengineered MSNs, which provides opportunities for nanoreactors design.     

EMRC和EMRL治疗上消化道早期癌及癌前病变

目的:探讨EMRC和EMRL两种EMR技术在上消化道早期癌及癌前病变中的临床应用价值。方法:18例病人(其中食管病变5例、胃内病变13例。超声内镜及病理检查早期胃癌1例、食管平滑肌瘤1例、增生性息肉7例、扁平腺瘤6例、不典型增生3例)。7例用EMRC、11例用EMRL技术进行了内镜下粘膜切除术。结果EMRC技术对食管平滑肌瘤、增生性息肉、扁平腺瘤、不典型增生的完全切除率分别为100%、100%、85.71%、85.71%,平均92.86%。而EMRL对胃早期胃癌,增生性息肉,扁平腺瘤,不典型增生的完全切除率分别为100%、100%、90.91%、90.91%,平均95.46%。结论EMRC和EMRL对上消化道早期癌、癌前期病变、黏膜下肿瘤及宽基息肉等均有较高的完全切除率。作为一项微创内镜技术,可替代部分胃肠道早期癌肿的外科手术治疗,降低治疗费用,且创伤性小,并发症少,疗效可靠,具有广阔的临床应用前景。     

川东北地区须三段钙屑砂岩储层特征及控制因素

近两年川东北地区西北部多口井须家河组三段钙屑砂岩测试段获工业气流,表明了研究区储层的含气性及局
部具备油气富集高产的地质条件。通过储层岩性类型、储集空间、物性、电性等特征进行综合分析,得出结论为：主要
储层岩性类型为钙屑砂岩,常伴有微裂缝;储集空间类型多样,主要为残余原生粒间孔、次生溶蚀孔和裂缝;储层表现
为低孔、低渗特征;储层电阻率高,主要原因是碳酸盐岩含量高;储层测井响应为“三低、一高、一降低”,即伽马低值、
声波低值,中子低值,电阻率高值,在高阻的背景下深浅电阻率有所降低。研究区优质钙屑砂岩储层受储集层发育的
有利沉积微相、溶蚀作用、构造裂缝以及一定的储层厚度等综合因素控制。辫状河道、水下分流河道沉积为储层最有
利的沉积相带;在成岩过程发生的溶蚀作用和多期次的断裂影响下形成的构造裂缝都极大地改善了储层的渗透性;一
定厚度的储层改善了裂缝的连通系统。     

计算再入飞行器可达区域的快速算法

以无量纲反值能量为自变量建立了飞行器3自由度运动方程组,提出了一种改进的计算再入飞行器可达区域的快速算法.引入倾侧角反向策略,使计算的可达区域更精确;改进产生可达区域中间边界的插值方式,使计算结果更加均匀;改进了终端约束处理方法,使弹道更加平滑.以一种乘波体模型为例进行仿真验证,仿真结果表明改进算法计算的可达区域比现有算法更精确且弹道更平滑.     

特大型高铁车站候车厅建筑声环境分析

我国新建的高铁车站候车厅体积巨大,对该类超大体积空间的声场特性缺乏深入研究.文中以一候车厅为例,采用现场测量和声场计算机仿真技术,对该候车厅的室内声场参数进行深入分析和讨论.结果表明:该空间混响时间较长,呈现中频较长(达9.21 s)、低频和高频比中频短的频率特性;在该空间中,语言传输指数与早期衰变时间(500和1 000 Hz倍频带)高度相关,而与混响时间(500和1 000 Hz倍频带)的相关性不大;增加建筑界面的吸声量,声场参数得到显著改善;A声级与声源和接收点距离的对数值高度相关,混响时间(500和1 1000Hz倍频带)与声源和接收点的距离无关.在一定距离范围内,声场参数早期衰变时间(500和1 000Hz倍频带)、清晰度(500和1 000Hz倍频带)、语言传输指数与声源和接收点的距离高度相关.候车空间的分布式扬声器系统与旅客的距离需仔细设计,以满足语言清晰度的要求.     

有机锡聚合物水解的研究Ⅰ——甲基丙烯酸三丁基锡酯聚合物及其与甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物的水解

测定了甲基丙烯酸三丁基锡醅与甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物的~1H-NMR谱。研究了共聚物组成不同,共聚物组成相同但分子量不同,以及实验条件(如pH值和温度)不同对聚合物水解速率的影响。根据电子探针观测,聚合物水解前后,膜表面的有机锡含量和分布基本相同。分别计算了聚合物和共聚物水解的表观活化能。     

用于多指数拟合的一种混沌免疫粒子群优化

为了更好地逼近真实物理场景,对传统的多指数模型作了一些改进,将权因子设置为噪声方差平方的倒数,提出一种基于循环矩阵(CM)的算法用于估计衰减项数.为了求解上述改进模型,提出一种混沌免疫粒子群优化(CIPSO)算法.该算法将人工免疫系统中的克隆、交叉、变异和接收器修正算法嵌入粒子群算法中,并采用混沌算子实现变异,然后将惯性因子改为自适应变化.实验表明:提出的权因子设置更符合实际;用于估计项数的CM算法在估计精度与运行时间上均优于传统的ILS算法;CIPSO算法在收敛精度与运行时间上也优于传统的优化算法,如可信域法、LM法、高斯-牛顿法、差分进化算法和粒子群算法等.