Forecasting market potential and market penetration of residential water heater load control programs

This paper presents a model which estimates market potential and forecasts market penetration for one demand-side management (DSM) programwater heater load controlin the service territory of Virginia Power Corporation, a large electric utility in the south-eastern United States. Water heater load control is a voluntary program where customers are paid a monthly incentive to allow the utility to shut off power to their electric water heaters during periods of peak demand. Reducing the level of peak demand through DSM programs is one way for utilities to avoid building new power plants. The current total energy (or demand) impact due to a load control program is the sum of the changes in energy (or demand) for all program participants. The projected energy and demand impact due to a load control program is the average change per participant multiplied by the number of participants or adopters of the program. While it is reasonably straightforward to measure the energy savings resulting from shutting off power to a water heater, the more difficult task for planning purposes is forecasting the number of customers who will actually join the program (i.e. the market penetration) for a given incentive. The customer decision process is divided into three stages: eligibility, awareness, and adoption. The responsiveness of market penetration to changes in advertising and incentive amounts is demonstrated. In addition, the impact of changing advertising and incentive amounts on the percentage of aware customers who adopt the program and on that of eligible customers who become aware of the program is estimated. This model can be used by utility planners and managers to forecast the market penetration of both new and existing load control programs. In addition, it can be employed to estimate the impact of various promotion and marketing schemes on both market potential and market penetration.     

Requirement for the replication protein SSB in human DNA excision repair

Replication and repair are essential processes that maintain the continuity of the genetic material. Dissection of simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication has resulted in the identification of many eukaryotic replication proteins, but the biochemistry of the multienzyme process of DNA excision repair is less well defined. One protein that is absolutely required for semiconservative replication of SV40 DNA in vitro is human single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB, also called RF-A and RP-A). SSB consists of three polypeptides of relative molecular mass 70,000, 34,000 and 13,000, and acts with T antigen and topoisomerases to unwind DNA, allowing the access of other replication proteins. Human SSB can also stimulate the activity of polymerases alpha and delta, suggesting a further role in elongation during DNA replication. We have now found a role for human SSB in DNA excision repair using a cell-free system that can carry out nucleotide excision repair in vitro. Monoclonal antibodies against human SSB caused extensive inhibition of DNA repair in plasmid molecules damaged by ultraviolet light or acetylaminofluorene. Addition of purified SSB reversed this inhibition and further stimulated repair synthesis by increasing the number of repair events. These results show that a mammalian DNA replication protein is also essential for repair.     

Dopamine and adenosinetriphosphatase changes in the corpus striatum of the rat

Zusammenfassung Nachweis, dass im Ratten-Striatum die Reserpin-induzierte Dopamin-Depletion mit einer Erhöhung der ATPase-Aktivität verbunden ist.     

Nomenclatural changes and new species in Platypodidae and Scolytidae (Coleoptera)

New names are presented to replace junior homonyms as follows in Platypodidae: Platypus acuticornifer for Platypus acuticornis Schedl, 1975 (nec Schedl, 1973), Platypus tuberculifer for Platypus bituberculatus Schedl, 1975 (nec Nunberg, 1967), Platypus obliquus for Platypus obliquesectus Schedl, 1975 (nec Schedl, 1973); and in Scolytidae: Amphicranus electus for Amphicranus elegantulus Schedl, 1978 (nec Schedl, 1963), Araptus crassulus for Araptus crassus Wood (nec Schedl, 1966), Corthycyclon tardulus for Corthycyclon tardus Schedl, 1976 (nec Wood, 1974), Corthylus brunnescens for Corthylus brunneus Wood, December 1974 (nec Schedl, November 1974), Monarthrum denticulatum for Monarthrum (= Pterocyclon ) dentatum Eggers, 1941 (nec Eggers, 1935), Monarthrum peruvianum for Monarthrum peruvianum Schedl, 1978 (nec Schedl, 1950), Scolytodes eximius for Scolytodes grandis Schedl, 1978 (nec Schedl, 1962), Scolytodes minutus for Scolytodes (= Hexacolus) minutissimus Schedl, 1978 (nec Schedl, 1952). New synonymy is proposed in Platypodidae for Genyocerus albipennis Motschulsky ( = Diacavus irregularis Browne). The emendation in Scolytidae of Cnemonyx vismiacolens is presented to correct the lapsis calami Cnemonyx visimiacolens Wood, 1979. The following species of Scolytidae are named as new to science: Chramesus atkinsoni, Liparthrum thevetiae, Microborus mexicanus, Phloeocleptus ardis, Phloeocleptus atkinsoni, Phloecleptus cristatus, Phloeocleptus spicatus, Pseudothysanoes perseae (Mexico), Scolytodes anceps, Scolytodes pusillimus, Scolytodes tardus, Scolytodes vesculus (Colombia), Scolytodes ficicolens, Scolytodes naevius (Venezuela).     

Nomenclatural changes and new species in Scolytidae (Coleoptera), Part III

New synonymy is proposed for Phlocosinus (Hylesinus) machilus (Schedl) (= Phlocosinus cinnamomi Tsai & Yin). New replacement names are proposed for junior homonyms as follows: Cyrtogenius africus for Cyrtogenius (Metahylastes) africanus (Eggers). Cyrtogenius elongatissimus for Cyrtogenius (Ozodendron) elongatus (Schedl), Cyrtogenius elongatulus for Cyrtogenius elongatulus for Cyrtogenius (Eidophelus) elongatus (Schedl), Cyrtogenius gracillimus for Cyrtogenius gracilis Browne, Cyrtogenius papuae for Cyrtogenius (Pelicerus) papuanus (Eggers), Cyrtogenius papuensis for Cyrtogenius (Eidophelus) papuanus (Shedl), Cyrtogenius ruginosus for Cyrtogenius (mimidendrulus) rugicollis (Browne). The following species are named as new to science: Indocryphalus machili (India), Olonthogaster jiri (India), Olonthogaster regalis (Sri Lanka), Phlocosinus phoebe (India), Scolytomimus andamanensis (Andaman Islands), Scolytomimus mimusopis (Sri Lanka), ( Scolytomimus quadridens (New Guinea), and Scolytomimus rectus (Sri Lanka).     

Nomenclatural changes and new species of Scolytidae (Coleoptera)

New replacement names for junior homonyms are presented as follows; Acanthotomicus tuberculifer for A. (Mimips) tuberculatus Schedl 1967, Chactoptelius versicolor for C. (Acrantus) tricolor Schedl 1958, Hylesinopsis angolanus for H. (Aridiamerus) angolensis Schedl 1982, Hylurgops tuberculifer for H. tuberculatus Schedl 1947, Pseudothysanoes spinatifer for P. spinatus Wood 1956, Scolytodes aterrimus for S. ater (Hylocurosoma atrum Eggers) 1941, Scolytodes boliviensis for S. (Prionosceles) bolivianus Eggers 1928, Scolytodes brasiliensis for S. (Hexacolus) brasiliensis Schedl 1935, Scolytodes discriminatus for S. discedens Eggers 1943, Scolytodes elongatissimus for S. elongatus (Hylocurosoma elongatum Eggers) 1943, Scolytodes gennaens for S. genialis Wood 1978, Scolytodes laevigatulus for S. (Hexacolus) laevigatus Schedl 1962, Scolytodes laevicorpus for S. laevis (Hylocurosoma laeve Eggers) 1943, Scolytodes majus for S. major Eggers 1943, Scolytodes medialis for S. medius Eggers 1943. New synonymy is reported for Dactylipalpus niger Schedl (= D. unctus Wood), Dendroctonus armandi Tsai & Li (= D. prosorovi Kurenzov & Kononov), Sinophloeus porter Brèthes (= S. destructor Eggers). Species new to science include: Acacicis bicornis (New Guinea), Acacicis zeylanicus (Sri Lanka), Sphaerotrypes bengalensis (India), Sphaerotrypes costatus (North Andaman Island), Sphaerotrypes cristatus (Sri Lanka), Sphaerotrypes pentacme (Burma), Sphaerotrypes ranasinghei (Sri Lanka), Xylechinus ougeiniac (India), Xylechinus padus (India).