带交叉肋方形截面通道内强制对流换热的实验研究

在雷诺数为 5 0 0 0～ 4 0 0 0 0的范围内 ,对以不同角度 (45°、6 0°、75°)布置的、具有不同高度 (4mm、5mm)的交叉肋条的方形截面通道内的强制对流换热进行了实验研究 .实验结果表明 :对交叉布置的肋条 ,其角度越大 ,高度越高 ,对流换热增强得越明显 ,但同时阻力也大为增加 ;与平行布置的肋条相比 ,交叉布置的肋条虽能使对流换热有所增强 ,但阻力增加的程度大于换热的增加 .就换热与阻力的总体效果来说 ,在雷诺数较低时 ,交叉肋条有一定的优越性 ,但在高雷诺数下 ,交叉布置的肋条相对于平行布置的肋条并无优势     

直线检测的灰度投影积分方法

为了提高图像上直线检测的鲁棒性和精度,提出一种灰度投影积分(GP I)方法。GP I方法将需要检测的图像直接在直角坐标空间沿某个投影方向进行投影,将对应到同一投影点的像素灰度值进行累加,得到灰度投影积分向量,再旋转投影方向计算不同投影方向的灰度投影积分向量,从而得到一个原图像的灰度投影积分矩阵,再由该矩阵的极值元素所在的行和列求出图像中直线的方程。实验结果表明,GP I方法不需要事先提取边缘点,就能够快速准确地检测出图像中的直线,避免了传统方法在提取边缘点时阈值选取不当带来的直线检测误差。     

HT-7U大型超导托卡马克装置极向场线圈的电动力分析

采用PFFIFFPS软件计算PF线圈的电动力.结果发现:PF中的最大电动力位于NO.5～6号线圈内;三对外部线圈中的最大电动力位于NO.7～8号线圈内.这将为使用有限元分析系统(COSMOS/M2.0)对PF线圈进行进一步分析和计算作好准备.     

Mutations in the gene encoding the 3'-5' DNA exonuclease TREX1 are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus

TREX1 acts in concert with the SET complex in granzyme A-mediated apoptosis, and mutations in TREX1 cause Aicardi-Goutières syndrome and familial chilblain lupus. Here, we report monoallelic frameshift or missense mutations and one 3' UTR variant of TREX1 present in 9/417 individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus but absent in 1,712 controls (P = 4.1 x 10(-7)). We demonstrate that two mutant TREX1 alleles alter subcellular targeting. Our findings implicate TREX1 in the pathogenesis of SLE.     

Sulfatide-tenascin interaction mediates binding to the extracellular matrix and endocytic uptake of liposomes in glioma cells

Tenascin-C is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, whose expression is highly restricted in normal adult tissues, but markedly up-regulated in a range of tumors, and therefore serves as a potential receptor for targeted anticancer drug or gene delivery. We describe here a liposomal carrier system in which the targeting ligand is sulfatide. Experiments with tenascin-C-expressing glioma cells demonstrated that binding of liposomes to the extracellular matrix relied essentially on the sulfatide-tenascin-C interaction. Following binding to the extracellular matrix, the sulfatide-containing liposomes were internalized via both caveolae/lipid raft- and clathrin-dependent pathways, which would ensure direct cytoplasmic release of the cargoes carried in the liposomes. Such natural lipid-guided intracellular delivery targeting at the extracellular matrix glycoproteins of tumor cells thus opens a new direction for development of more effective anticancer chemotherapeutics in future. K. Shao & Q. Hou: These authors contributed equally to this work. Received 22 September 2006; received after revision 5 December 2006; accepted 9 January 2007     

Meta-analysis identifies multiple loci associated with kidney function-related traits in east Asian populations

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), impairment of kidney function, is a serious public health problem, and the assessment of genetic factors influencing kidney function has substantial clinical relevance. Here, we report a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for kidney function-related traits, including 71,149 east Asian individuals from 18 studies in 11 population-, hospital- or family-based cohorts, conducted as part of the Asian Genetic Epidemiology Network (AGEN). Our meta-analysis identified 17 loci newly associated with kidney function-related traits, including the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, uric acid and serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate based on serum creatinine levels (eGFRcrea) (P < 5.0 × 10(-8)). We further examined these loci with in silico replication in individuals of European ancestry from the KidneyGen, CKDGen and GUGC consortia, including a combined total of ～110,347 individuals. We identify pleiotropic associations among these loci with kidney function-related traits and risk of CKD. These findings provide new insights into the genetics of kidney function.     

Common variants at CD40 and other loci confer risk of rheumatoid arthritis

To identify rheumatoid arthritis risk loci in European populations, we conducted a meta-analysis of two published genome-wide association (GWA) studies totaling 3,393 cases and 12,462 controls. We genotyped 31 top-ranked SNPs not previously associated with rheumatoid arthritis in an independent replication of 3,929 autoantibody-positive rheumatoid arthritis cases and 5,807 matched controls from eight separate collections. We identified a common variant at the CD40 gene locus (rs4810485, P = 0.0032 replication, P = 8.2 x 10(-9) overall, OR = 0.87). Along with other associations near TRAF1 (refs. 2,3) and TNFAIP3 (refs. 4,5), this implies a central role for the CD40 signaling pathway in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis. We also identified association at the CCL21 gene locus (rs2812378, P = 0.00097 replication, P = 2.8 x 10(-7) overall), a gene involved in lymphocyte trafficking. Finally, we identified evidence of association at four additional gene loci: MMEL1-TNFRSF14 (rs3890745, P = 0.0035 replication, P = 1.1 x 10(-7) overall), CDK6 (rs42041, P = 0.010 replication, P = 4.0 x 10(-6) overall), PRKCQ (rs4750316, P = 0.0078 replication, P = 4.4 x 10(-6) overall), and KIF5A-PIP4K2C (rs1678542, P = 0.0026 replication, P = 8.8 x 10(-8) overall).     

Adaptive Under-Frequency Load Shedding

Under-frequency load shedding （UFLS） is used in the power industry to rescue systems facing extreme disturbances to avoid system collapse. Traditionally, many computations are repeated to seek the proper power system settings such that the UFLS provides the desired good performance for selected scenarios. An adaptive UFLS method based on the genetic algorithm was developed to automate the finding of optimal parameters to minimize the repetitive trial-error calculations. Simulations demonstrate that the method has better performance than previous schemes and reduces the time and effort of the repetitive simulations.