Estimations of primary production and export production in the South China Sea based on sediment trap experiments

The results of time series sediment trap experiments in the South China Sea show that particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes are influenced by the monsoons. The increase of productivity in the northern South China Sea is mainly due to northeast monsoon while in the central South China Sea the influence of southwest monsoon becomes more prominent. The annual primary production and export production calculated based on POC fluxes are 53.0–63.4 and 10.32–12.93 gC m^-2a^-1, respectively. The enhancement of POC flux during monsoon period suggest that higher palaeoproductivity or organic carbon accumulation rate in glacial age in the South Chma Sea might be the result of strengthening of the monsoons.     

钨砷系列杂多蓝的研究Ⅰ——Dawson结构钨砷稀土杂多蓝

利用控制电位电解的方法合成了８种未见文报道的Ｄａｗｓｏｎ结构的钨砷稀土杂多蓝：Ｌｎ２Ｈ２Ａｓ２Ｗ１８Ｏ６２·ｘＨ２Ｏ（２ｅ杂多蓝）和Ｌｎ２Ｈ４Ａｓ２Ｗ１８Ｏ６２·ｘＨ２Ｏ（４ｅ杂多蓝）,其中Ｌｎ＝Ｌａ,Ｃｅ,Ｐｒ,Ｎｄ。通过红外光谱,紫外光谱,极谱,光电子能谱、顺磁共振,热重－差热重对其进行了表征,并进行了结构和性质的研究。结果表明,还原前后杂多酸盐的结构虽有轻微的变化,但热稳定性和在溶液中的稳定     

Effects of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and benzo[a]pyrene on modulating vitellogenin expression in primary culture of crucian carp （Carassius auratus） hepatocytes

Vitellogenin (Vtg) is the precursor of yolk protein. Its expression and secretion are estrogen-regulated and are crucial for oocyte maturation. An in ritro xenoestrogen screening model was established by measuring Vtg induction in cultured primary hepatocytes from crucian carp. Vtg production was detected by biotin-avidin sandwich ELISA method while Vtg and cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) mRNA induction were measured by semi- quantitative PCR-primer dropping technique. Vtg and Vtg mRNA were dose-dependently induced by diethylstilbestrol (DES, 0.2-200 ng/mL) in hepatocytes of crucian carp. Co-treatment of the DES-induced hepatocytes with either 2,3,7,8-TCDD (TCDD, 0.1-4 pg/mL) or benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P, 5-1000 ng/mL) resulted in a reduction of Vtg production and an increment of CYP1A1 mRNA expression both in a dose dependent manner, indicating the anti-estrogenic effects of the compounds. However, at lower tested concentrations, TCDD (0.1, 0.2 pg/mL), B[a]P (5 ng/mL)seemed to have a potentiating effect on Vtg expression and secretion, although by their own these compounds had no observable estrogenic effect on Vtg induction. Tamoxifen (a selective estrogen receptor modulators, 1 nmol/L-1μmol/L),and β-naphtho-flavone (β-NF, an aryl hydrocarbon receptor inducing compounds, 2.5-1000 ng/mL) also were employed to study the possible interactions in DES-induced Vtg expression. In co-treatment of the DES-induced hepatocytes with β-NF or tamoxifen, the decrease in Vtg production did parallel induction of CYP1A1 for β-NF, but tamoxifen inhibited Vtg induction did not parallel induced CYP1A1 expression in all test concentrations. On the contrary, it was found that in co-treatment of the TCDD-induced hepatocytes with DES, TCDD induced CYP1A1 mRNA production was inhibited by DES also. These results implicated a possible cross talk between estrogen receptor- and aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated pathways in the hepatocytes.     

Effectiveness of phosphocitrate and N-sulpho-2-amino tricarballylate,a new analogue of phosphocitrate,in blocking hydroxyapatite induced crystal growth and calcium accumulation by matrix vesicles

Summary Phosphocitrate and its analogue N-sulpho-2-amino tricarballylate were compared with ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate for inhibition of calcium phosphate crystallization in hydroxyapatite induced crystal growth and⁴⁵Ca uptake by matrix vesicles. Phosphocitrate (1 M) was the most potent inhibitor followed by ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate and N-sulpho-2-amino tricarballylate, the latter requiring a high concentration (100 M) to be equally effective as an inhibitor.Acknowledgments. We wish to thank Mr J. Jordan and Miss L.C. Ward for the excellent technical assistance and Mr R.J. Tennant for the transmission electron microscopy. We also thank the Golden Poultry Farming Industries Ltd., Hobart, Tasmania for their generous supply of broiler strain chickens.     

带交叉肋方形截面通道内强制对流换热的实验研究

在雷诺数为 5 0 0 0～ 4 0 0 0 0的范围内 ,对以不同角度 (45°、6 0°、75°)布置的、具有不同高度 (4mm、5mm)的交叉肋条的方形截面通道内的强制对流换热进行了实验研究 .实验结果表明 :对交叉布置的肋条 ,其角度越大 ,高度越高 ,对流换热增强得越明显 ,但同时阻力也大为增加 ;与平行布置的肋条相比 ,交叉布置的肋条虽能使对流换热有所增强 ,但阻力增加的程度大于换热的增加 .就换热与阻力的总体效果来说 ,在雷诺数较低时 ,交叉肋条有一定的优越性 ,但在高雷诺数下 ,交叉布置的肋条相对于平行布置的肋条并无优势     

HT-7U大型超导托卡马克装置极向场线圈的电动力分析

采用PFFIFFPS软件计算PF线圈的电动力.结果发现:PF中的最大电动力位于NO.5～6号线圈内;三对外部线圈中的最大电动力位于NO.7～8号线圈内.这将为使用有限元分析系统(COSMOS/M2.0)对PF线圈进行进一步分析和计算作好准备.     

A sperm GPI-anchored protein elicits sperm-cumulus cross-talk leading to the acrosome reaction

The acrosome reaction has long been thought to be induced by the zona pellucida. Here we report the identification and function of a novel human sperm glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane protein, NYD-SP8. The release of the protein during sperm-egg interaction and its binding to the cumulus, the first layer of egg investment, elicits cross-talk between the gametes and produces calcium dependant release of progesterone, which lead to the acrosome reaction. An in vivo mouse model of NYD-SP8 immunization is also established showing a reduced fertility rate. Thus, contrary to accepted dogma, our study demonstrates for the first time that, prior to reaching the zona pellucida, sperm may release a surface protein that acts on the cumulus cells leading to the acrosome reaction, which may be important for determining the outcome of fertilization. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Received 11 August 2008; received after revision 18 December 2008; accepted 22 December 2008     

Sulfatide-tenascin interaction mediates binding to the extracellular matrix and endocytic uptake of liposomes in glioma cells

Tenascin-C is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, whose expression is highly restricted in normal adult tissues, but markedly up-regulated in a range of tumors, and therefore serves as a potential receptor for targeted anticancer drug or gene delivery. We describe here a liposomal carrier system in which the targeting ligand is sulfatide. Experiments with tenascin-C-expressing glioma cells demonstrated that binding of liposomes to the extracellular matrix relied essentially on the sulfatide-tenascin-C interaction. Following binding to the extracellular matrix, the sulfatide-containing liposomes were internalized via both caveolae/lipid raft- and clathrin-dependent pathways, which would ensure direct cytoplasmic release of the cargoes carried in the liposomes. Such natural lipid-guided intracellular delivery targeting at the extracellular matrix glycoproteins of tumor cells thus opens a new direction for development of more effective anticancer chemotherapeutics in future. K. Shao & Q. Hou: These authors contributed equally to this work. Received 22 September 2006; received after revision 5 December 2006; accepted 9 January 2007     

Mutations in the gene encoding the 3'-5' DNA exonuclease TREX1 are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus

TREX1 acts in concert with the SET complex in granzyme A-mediated apoptosis, and mutations in TREX1 cause Aicardi-Goutières syndrome and familial chilblain lupus. Here, we report monoallelic frameshift or missense mutations and one 3' UTR variant of TREX1 present in 9/417 individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus but absent in 1,712 controls (P = 4.1 x 10(-7)). We demonstrate that two mutant TREX1 alleles alter subcellular targeting. Our findings implicate TREX1 in the pathogenesis of SLE.