上海地区童装购买决策行为研究

通过问卷调查，分析研究了上海童装消费者的信息来源、儿童对童装购买的影响力及童装购买决策评价因素，同时分析了收入、文化程度及儿童年龄等对相关因素的影响。     

Variants conferring risk of atrial fibrillation on chromosome 4q25

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia in humans and is characterized by chaotic electrical activity of the atria. It affects one in ten individuals over the age of 80 years, causes significant morbidity and is an independent predictor of mortality. Recent studies have provided evidence of a genetic contribution to AF. Mutations in potassium-channel genes have been associated with familial AF but account for only a small fraction of all cases of AF. We have performed a genome-wide association scan, followed by replication studies in three populations of European descent and a Chinese population from Hong Kong and find a strong association between two sequence variants on chromosome 4q25 and AF. Here we show that about 35% of individuals of European descent have at least one of the variants and that the risk of AF increases by 1.72 and 1.39 per copy. The association with the stronger variant is replicated in the Chinese population, where it is carried by 75% of individuals and the risk of AF is increased by 1.42 per copy. A stronger association was observed in individuals with typical atrial flutter. Both variants are adjacent to PITX2, which is known to have a critical function in left-right asymmetry of the heart.     

Rag mutations reveal robust alternative end joining

Mammalian cells repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) through either homologous recombination or non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). V(D)J recombination, a cut-and-paste mechanism for generating diversity in antigen receptors, relies on NHEJ for repairing DSBs introduced by the Rag1-Rag2 protein complex. Animals lacking any of the seven known NHEJ factors are therefore immunodeficient. Nevertheless, DSB repair is not eliminated entirely in these animals: evidence of a third mechanism, 'alternative NHEJ', appears in the form of extremely rare V(D)J junctions and a higher rate of chromosomal translocations. The paucity of these V(D)J events has suggested that alternative NHEJ contributes little to a cell's overall repair capacity, being operative only (and inefficiently) when classical NHEJ fails. Here we find that removing certain portions of murine Rag proteins reveals robust alternative NHEJ activity in NHEJ-deficient cells and some alternative joining activity even in wild-type cells. We propose a two-tier model in which the Rag proteins collaborate with NHEJ factors to preserve genomic integrity during V(D)J recombination.     

不同饰面材料高强混凝土柱的耐火性能

通过对8根装饰有不同饰面材料的高强混凝土柱式构件进行ISO834标准升温条件下的明火试验,考察了饰面材料对构件表面混凝土爆裂的影响,分析了不同饰面材料高强混凝土构件的内部温度场,并与试验结果进行了对比.研究结果表明:饰面材料的引入虽然延缓了构件表面混凝土的起爆时刻,却加重了其爆裂程度;双层防火板可较好地抑制构件表面混凝土的高温爆裂;将饰面材料折算为等效混凝土的做法,总体上可较好地反映饰面材料对构件截面温度场的影响.     

Bacterial virulence proteins as tools to rewire kinase pathways in yeast and immune cells

Bacterial pathogens have evolved specific effector proteins that, by interfacing with host kinase signalling pathways, provide a mechanism to evade immune responses during infection. Although these effectors contribute to pathogen virulence, we realized that they might also serve as valuable synthetic biology reagents for engineering cellular behaviour. Here we exploit two effector proteins, the Shigella flexneri OspF protein and Yersinia pestis YopH protein, to rewire kinase-mediated responses systematically both in yeast and mammalian immune cells. Bacterial effector proteins can be directed to inhibit specific mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways selectively in yeast by artificially targeting them to pathway-specific complexes. Moreover, we show that unique properties of the effectors generate new pathway behaviours: OspF, which irreversibly inactivates mitogen-activated protein kinases, was used to construct a synthetic feedback circuit that shows novel frequency-dependent input filtering. Finally, we show that effectors can be used in T cells, either as feedback modulators to tune the T-cell response amplitude precisely, or as an inducible pause switch that can temporarily disable T-cell activation. These studies demonstrate how pathogens could provide a rich toolkit of parts to engineer cells for therapeutic or biotechnological applications.     

Trichosanthin can spontaneously penetrate phospholipid monolayer under acid condition

Tianhuafen is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine for abortion, which has long been used in China. The basic protein trichosanthin (TCS) is responsible for such activity. As a ribosome inactivating protein (RIP), trichosanthin removes A4304 in the 28s rRNA via the N-glycosidase activity and inactivates the ribosome. However, it remains unclear how TCS can enter the cytoplasm. In the experiment, monolayers at air/water interface have been used to study the interaction between TCS and phospholipid membrane. The results show that TCS can penetrate negatively charged phospholipid monolayer under acid condition, and its membrane penetrating ability is obviously pH-dependent. A hypothesis of TCS penetrating biological membrane under acid condition is proposed based on the obtained result.     

Directional guidance of neuronal migration in the olfactory system by the protein Slit.

Although cell migration is crucial for neural development, molecular mechanisms guiding neuronal migration have remained unclear. Here we report that the secreted protein Slit repels neuronal precursors migrating from the anterior subventricular zone in the telencephalon to the olfactory bulb. Our results provide a direct demonstration of a molecular cue whose concentration gradient guides the direction of migrating neurons. They also support a common guidance mechanism for axon projection and neuronal migration and suggest that Slit may provide a molecular tool with potential therapeutic applications in controlling and directing cell migration.     

极值调节器的研制

极值调节器是DDZ-Ⅲ型或DDZ-Ⅱ型系列仪表的一个新单元,可用于生产过程的静态最佳控制,如燃烧效率控制、蒸发器最佳液位控制,由于本调节器是由模拟线路构成,所以在模拟信号的保持,传送以及梯度方向的判断遇到某些困难,本文介绍这些问题及其解决办法。这台仪表的精度为±0.5%。     

Meta-analysis identifies multiple loci associated with kidney function-related traits in east Asian populations

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), impairment of kidney function, is a serious public health problem, and the assessment of genetic factors influencing kidney function has substantial clinical relevance. Here, we report a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for kidney function-related traits, including 71,149 east Asian individuals from 18 studies in 11 population-, hospital- or family-based cohorts, conducted as part of the Asian Genetic Epidemiology Network (AGEN). Our meta-analysis identified 17 loci newly associated with kidney function-related traits, including the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, uric acid and serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate based on serum creatinine levels (eGFRcrea) (P < 5.0 × 10(-8)). We further examined these loci with in silico replication in individuals of European ancestry from the KidneyGen, CKDGen and GUGC consortia, including a combined total of ～110,347 individuals. We identify pleiotropic associations among these loci with kidney function-related traits and risk of CKD. These findings provide new insights into the genetics of kidney function.