考虑竞争企业定向能力的定向优惠券投放策略

针对竞争环境下企业优惠券投放问题,本文引入大众优惠券和定向优惠券,综合考虑消费者忠诚度和定向能力策略,构建优惠券影响下的企业利润模型,进而分析企业优惠券投放策略.结果表明:(1)当企业实施定向优惠券策略时,企业在优势市场投放强度要高于竞争市场;(2)当企业综合考虑价格歧视和定向优惠券策略时,通过在不同细分市场给予消费者...     

海洋环流模式研究回顾与展望

大洋环流的强度变化,对区域乃至全球气候有重要影响.综述了在过去50年中,海洋模式的发展.经过了几代人的开发,国内外全球大洋环流模式、近海和区域环流模式都有了很大改进,能较好地模拟大洋海面温度和高度的分布、海流分布以及El Nino和La Nina的演变过程等.但是,由于观测资料的短缺,数值模式开发还不够完善,海洋边界流的模拟仍不够好.有些探索是基于压力坐标的、非Boussinesq近似的海洋环流模式;将海洋模式的开边界以余流和潮流合成给出,能保证整个计算区域内水量进出的平衡;摒弃刚盖模型,用自由表面模型取而代之,以及借助海洋资料同化系统,开发海气耦合模式,都是海洋环流模式的发展方向.众多研究认为,不断改进和完善动力框架和各种差分格式的设计将有助于提高海洋环流模式的模拟能力.     

BESⅢ主触发系统VME机箱快控制插件的设计

提出了“可预置计数限的计数逻辑”和“有暂停控制的双向计数器逻辑”,解决了VME总线主板所能处理的中断的频率与输入信号脉冲的频率不匹配的难题,消除了某些信号与系统时钟异步造成的准稳态;所设计的插件实现了VME总线程控流水线式发中断的功能．     

The coming-to-be of Hansen’s method

This article by Curtis Wilson is an account of the origin of Hansen’s powerful systematic method for finding contributions of higher order perturbations in celestial mechanics. Hansen’s method was developed in the course of improving on Laplace’s treatment of the mutual perturbations of Jupiter and Saturn. This method, an entirely new way of doing celestial mechanics when it first appeared, later made possible the successful treatment of the complicated motions of our moon (see Wilson 2010). In this paper Wilson gives a brief historical introduction followed by an account of relevant technical details of the Laplacian background, an account illustrating technical details in Hansen’s initial development in his Disquisitions of 1829, and a treatment illustrating details contributing to the achievement of Hansen’s more refined development in his Untersuchung of 1831. These details include conditional equations Hansen provides for checking the accuracy of calculations. Wilson also includes a detailed assessment showing the extraordinary improvement in empirical accuracy of Hansen’s treatment over the best earlier treatment of the Jupiter-Saturn  interactions.     

Dominant missense mutations in ABCC9 cause Cantú syndrome

Cantú syndrome is characterized by congenital hypertrichosis, distinctive facial features, osteochondrodysplasia and cardiac defects. By using family-based exome sequencing, we identified a de novo mutation in ABCC9. Subsequently, we discovered novel dominant missense mutations in ABCC9 in 14 of the 16 individuals with Cantú syndrome examined. The ABCC9 protein is part of an ATP-dependent potassium (K(ATP)) channel that couples the metabolic state of a cell with its electrical activity. All mutations altered amino acids in or close to the transmembrane domains of ABCC9. Using electrophysiological measurements, we show that mutations in ABCC9 reduce the ATP-mediated potassium channel inhibition, resulting in channel opening. Moreover, similarities between the phenotype of individuals with Cantú syndrome and side effects from the K(ATP) channel agonist minoxidil indicate that the mutations in ABCC9 result in channel opening. Given the availability of ABCC9 antagonists, our findings may have direct implications for the treatment of individuals with Cantú syndrome.     

SLC2A9 is a newly identified urate transporter influencing serum urate concentration, urate excretion and gout

Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in humans and great apes, which have lost hepatic uricase activity, leading to uniquely high serum uric acid concentrations (200-500 microM) compared with other mammals (3-120 microM). About 70% of daily urate disposal occurs via the kidneys, and in 5-25% of the human population, impaired renal excretion leads to hyperuricemia. About 10% of people with hyperuricemia develop gout, an inflammatory arthritis that results from deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the joint. We have identified genetic variants within a transporter gene, SLC2A9, that explain 1.7-5.3% of the variance in serum uric acid concentrations, following a genome-wide association scan in a Croatian population sample. SLC2A9 variants were also associated with low fractional excretion of uric acid and/or gout in UK, Croatian and German population samples. SLC2A9 is a known fructose transporter, and we now show that it has strong uric acid transport activity in Xenopus laevis oocytes.     

基于智能空间环境的群体行为建模研究

为了能够逼真模拟复杂虚拟环境中大规模群体行为,在国内外相关研究成果基础上提出一种基于分层智能空间环境的群体行为模型建模方法.基本思想是把传统的三维连续地理空间环境分解为一组局部智能空间环境对象,对象中不但存储有约束个体行为模型的基本约束信息,同时还储存有不同个体在环境不同区域可执行的行为信息.这样,虚拟环境中的个体可以在其所处的具体环境提供的信息的约束和指导下进行实时行为合成与决策.仿真实验表明,该方法不仅能够逼真的模拟大规模群体在复杂虚拟环境中的各种规范化行为,而且可以有效减少个体决策模型的计算量,提高模型运行效率.     

基于半圆阵的解模糊技术研究

传统的干涉仪测向解模糊方法要求特定的天线阵列形式,其应用容易受到可利用体积的限制.针对传统测向解模糊方法在实际系统应用中的问题,提出了任意基线测向原理并建立了任意基线测向模型.对建立模型的镜像模糊问题、多值模糊问题进行了分析并且提出了解决方法.为解决被动雷达多模复合制导导引头体积受限的问题建立了半圆阵天线阵列模型.时建立的模型进行了Matlab仿真,验证了方案的可行性.     

The Pristionchus pacificus genome provides a unique perspective on nematode lifestyle and parasitism

Here we present a draft genome sequence of the nematode Pristionchus pacificus, a species that is associated with beetles and is used as a model system in evolutionary biology. With 169 Mb and 23,500 predicted protein-coding genes, the P. pacificus genome is larger than those of Caenorhabditis elegans and the human parasite Brugia malayi. Compared to C. elegans, the P. pacificus genome has more genes encoding cytochrome P450 enzymes, glucosyltransferases, sulfotransferases and ABC transporters, many of which were experimentally validated. The P. pacificus genome contains genes encoding cellulase and diapausin, and cellulase activity is found in P. pacificus secretions, indicating that cellulases can be found in nematodes beyond plant parasites. The relatively higher number of detoxification and degradation enzymes in P. pacificus is consistent with its necromenic lifestyle and might represent a preadaptation for parasitism. Thus, comparative genomics analysis of three ecologically distinct nematodes offers a unique opportunity to investigate the association between genome structure and lifestyle.     

Prioritizing global conservation efforts

One of the most pressing issues facing the global conservation community is how to distribute limited resources between regions identified as priorities for biodiversity conservation. Approaches such as biodiversity hotspots, endemic bird areas and ecoregions are used by international organizations to prioritize conservation efforts globally. Although identifying priority regions is an important first step in solving this problem, it does not indicate how limited resources should be allocated between regions. Here we formulate how to allocate optimally conservation resources between regions identified as priorities for conservation--the 'conservation resource allocation problem'. Stochastic dynamic programming is used to find the optimal schedule of resource allocation for small problems but is intractable for large problems owing to the "curse of dimensionality". We identify two easy-to-use and easy-to-interpret heuristics that closely approximate the optimal solution. We also show the importance of both correctly formulating the problem and using information on how investment returns change through time. Our conservation resource allocation approach can be applied at any spatial scale. We demonstrate the approach with an example of optimal resource allocation among five priority regions in Wallacea and Sundaland, the transition zone between Asia and Australasia.