全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10431篇 |
免费 | 24篇 |
国内免费 | 38篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 40篇 |
丛书文集 | 48篇 |
教育与普及 | 30篇 |
理论与方法论 | 24篇 |
现状及发展 | 3993篇 |
研究方法 | 540篇 |
综合类 | 5635篇 |
自然研究 | 183篇 |
出版年
2012年 | 161篇 |
2011年 | 352篇 |
2010年 | 64篇 |
2009年 | 54篇 |
2008年 | 181篇 |
2007年 | 216篇 |
2006年 | 204篇 |
2005年 | 225篇 |
2004年 | 217篇 |
2003年 | 203篇 |
2002年 | 212篇 |
2001年 | 435篇 |
2000年 | 446篇 |
1999年 | 297篇 |
1996年 | 53篇 |
1994年 | 269篇 |
1992年 | 256篇 |
1991年 | 203篇 |
1990年 | 237篇 |
1989年 | 195篇 |
1988年 | 190篇 |
1987年 | 191篇 |
1986年 | 202篇 |
1985年 | 268篇 |
1984年 | 203篇 |
1983年 | 164篇 |
1982年 | 138篇 |
1981年 | 141篇 |
1980年 | 145篇 |
1979年 | 328篇 |
1978年 | 268篇 |
1977年 | 216篇 |
1976年 | 194篇 |
1975年 | 196篇 |
1974年 | 210篇 |
1973年 | 182篇 |
1972年 | 206篇 |
1971年 | 248篇 |
1970年 | 315篇 |
1969年 | 234篇 |
1968年 | 231篇 |
1967年 | 197篇 |
1966年 | 228篇 |
1965年 | 151篇 |
1959年 | 75篇 |
1958年 | 123篇 |
1957年 | 81篇 |
1956年 | 58篇 |
1954年 | 62篇 |
1948年 | 57篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
881.
I-J epitopes are adaptively acquired by T cells differentiated in the chimaeric condition 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
I-J has been defined as a locus mapped in the murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) which encodes serological markers found primarily on the surface of suppressor T cells (TS) and soluble suppressor factors (TSF). Recent studies have, however, revealed that there is no such specialized locus within the MHC at the DNA level. As the existence of I-J determinants at the protein level on functional T cells, T-cell clones and hybridomas has been confirmed by several serological and biochemical studies, this contradiction has raised serious arguments in the immunological community concerning the nature, origin and expression of I-J determinants. We have raised a number of monoclonal antibodies against the polymorphic structure of I-J molecules, and have studied the expression of I-J epitopes on T cells derived from irradiated bone marrow chimaeras in which stem cells of different genotype differentiated into T cells under the foreign host MHC environment. The results, presented here, indicate that I-J epitopes are not primarily determined by the MHC genes of the stem cells themselves, but are adaptively acquired by T cells differentiated in the chimaeric condition according to the environmental MHC phenotype. Thus, the serologically detectable I-J epitopes are found to be associated with inducible T-cell receptors recognizing self class II MHC antigens. 相似文献
882.
Sulfhydryl compounds such as reduced glutathione, cysteine and 2-mercaptopropionylglycine, a hepato-protective agent, activated Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase purified from rat liver at low concentrations (below 10 microM). Furthermore we found evidence indicating that this activation is achieved by reducing Cu2+ present in the catalytic site of the dismutase, and thereby promoting the dismutation of superoxide anions. 相似文献
883.
Neuronal function depends crucially on the spatial segregation of specific membrane proteins, particularly the segregation associated with sites of synaptic contact. Understanding the factors governing this localization of proteins is a major goal of cellular neurobiology. A conspicuous example of synaptic specialization is the almost exclusive localization of vertebrate skeletal muscle acetylcholine (ACh) receptors to the subsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction (for example, refs 1,2). The localization of other membrane proteins in skeletal muscle has been much less studied, but a knowledge of their distribution is crucial for understanding the factors governing regional specialization. We have explored the distribution in muscle of the voltage-gated Na channel responsible for the action potential using the loose patch-clamp technique, and have measured Na currents in 5-10 micron-diameter membrane patches as a function of distance from the end plate region of snake and rat muscle fibres. Here we report that the Na current density immediately adjacent to the endplate is 5-10-fold higher than at regions away from the endplate. The increased Na current density falls off rapidly with distance, reaching the background level 100-200 micron from the endplate. Although one might expect ACh receptors to be concentrated near the region of ACh release, such a concentration for Na channels, which propagate the impulse throughout the length of the cell, is surprising and suggests that factors similar to those responsible for concentrating ACh receptors at the endplate also operate to concentrate Na channels. 相似文献
884.
H. Sumi T. Kosugi N. Toki H. Mihara 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1985,41(12):1546-1548
Summary Elastase digested urokinase (ED-UK) was prepared from human high mol. wt urokinase (HMW-UK). It resembled low mol. wt urokinase (LMW-UK) in its mol. wt, specific activity, and active sites. The steady-state kinetic parameters of each enzyme for the activation of human Glu-plasminogen also resembled each other, as did their amidase parameters (with pyro-Glu-Gly-Arg-pNA). 相似文献
885.
Summary Bilateral lesions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus of rats abolished circadian rhythms of oxygen consumption and of the respiratory quotient (RQ). The RQ remained constant at a level intermediate between the maximum (about 1.0) and minimum (about 0.9) values in control animals. 相似文献
886.
Location of functional regions of acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit by site-directed mutagenesis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M Mishina T Tobimatsu K Imoto K Tanaka Y Fujita K Fukuda M Kurasaki H Takahashi Y Morimoto T Hirose 《Nature》1985,313(6001):364-369
The availability of cloned cDNAs encoding the four subunits of the Torpedo acetylcholine receptor, which can be expressed to make functional receptors in Xenopus oocytes, has made possible a detailed investigation of the functions of the different structural components of the receptor. The functional analysis of receptors with alpha-subunits altered at specific sites by site-directed mutagenesis of the cDNA has allowed the location of specific regions of the alpha-subunit molecule involved in acetylcholine binding and forming a transmembrane ionic channel. 相似文献
887.
888.
D. E. Dussourd C. A. Harvis J. Meinwald T. Eisner 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1989,45(9):896-898
Summary Pyrrolizidine alkaloid sequestered by adult maleDanaus gilippus from plants is transferred in large measure to the female at mating, and by the female to the eggs. The eggs, presumably, are protected as a result. The male's courtship pheromone, danaidone, derived from the sequestered alkaloid, may function to advertise the male's alkaloid-donating capacity.Acknowledgments. Paper Nr. 89 of the series Defense Mechanisms of Arthropods. Study supported by NIH (Grants AI-02908 and AI-12020; Predoctoral Traineeship to DED), Hatch funds (191-7416), the Bache Fund (National Academy of Sciences, to DED), and the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Fund (American Museum of Natural History, to DED). We thank M. Weingarner and J. Miller forD. gilippus collection, J. Boggan for technical assistance, and the staff of the Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid, Florida, for assistance and hospitality. One of us (DED) is indebted to M. D. Achey, who by demonstrating nuptial cardenolide transfer in the monarch butterfly [Honors Thesis, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts (1979)] raised the possibility that other plant metabolites might be similarly transferred in danaines.Deceased July, 1985. This paper is affectionately dedicated to his memory. 相似文献
889.
Structures and functions of annexins in plants 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
890.
Activation of the superoxide generating system in human neutrophils is thought to involve the interaction or assembly of cytochrome b with other cytosolic and membrane proteins. We have now co-isolated by conventional purification procedures a protein of relative molecular mass 22,000 with cytochrome b. This Ras-related protein is not a fragment of either of the subunits of cytochrome b, and its primary structure, as determined by the sequencing of its complementary DNA, is identical to that predicted from a recently cloned ras-related gene, rap1 (also termed Krev-1). Immunoaffinity purification on anti-cytochrome and anti-Ras immunoaffinity matrices indicates an association between cytochrome b and the Ras-related protein. The association of a Ras-related GTP-binding protein with cytochrome b of human neutrophils could indicate a role for such a protein in the transduction, regulation or structure of the superoxide generating system. 相似文献