玉米抗大斑病菌单基因系的建立及其在Exserohilum turcicum生理小种鉴定中的应用

利用美国A632,B37,B73,B68,C103,Va26等30个Ht单基因鉴别寄主, 按美国伊利诺伊大学的大田接种方案与鉴定方法, 建立了适合中国的监测玉米
大斑病菌生理小种鉴定的21个Ht单基因系. 从吉林省15个地区的不同玉米品种中采集玉米大斑病样本, 采用单孢分离获得了32个玉米大斑病菌菌株, 利用已建立的上述21个Ht单基因鉴别寄主, 通过美国的大田鉴定方案进行生理小种鉴定. 结果表明, 这32个菌株均为0号小种, 并未出现生理小种分化现象.     

A frame-shift mutation in the cystic fibrosis gene.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common recessive lethal genetic disorder, affecting 1 in 1,600 Caucasians. The disease causes defective regulation of chloride-ion transport in exocrine cells. Although in all CF families the disease is linked to a locus on chromosome 7q31, there is clinical heterogeneity in the severity of the disease and the age at which it is diagnosed. CF is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. A three-nucleotide deletion (delta F508) causing the loss of a phenylalanine residue in the tenth exon of the CFTR gene has been found on 70% of CF chromosomes. We have now characterized a CF family in which neither parent of the affected individual carries the common mutation, and identified a two-nucleotide insertion in the CF allele of the mother. The mutation introduces a termination codon in exon 13 of the CFTR gene at residue 821, and is predicted to result in the production of a severely truncated nonfunctional protein.     

A luminous quasar at a redshift of z = 7.085

The intergalactic medium was not completely reionized until approximately a billion years after the Big Bang, as revealed by observations of quasars with redshifts of less than 6.5. It has been difficult to probe to higher redshifts, however, because quasars have historically been identified in optical surveys, which are insensitive to sources at redshifts exceeding 6.5. Here we report observations of a quasar (ULAS?J112001.48+064124.3) at a redshift of 7.085, which is 0.77 billion years after the Big Bang. ULAS?J1120+0641 has a luminosity of 6.3 × 10(13)L(⊙) and hosts a black hole with a mass of 2 × 10(9)M(⊙) (where L(⊙) and M(⊙) are the luminosity and mass of the Sun). The measured radius of the ionized near zone around ULAS?J1120+0641 is 1.9?megaparsecs, a factor of three smaller than is typical for quasars at redshifts between 6.0 and 6.4. The near-zone transmission profile is consistent with a Lyα damping wing, suggesting that the neutral fraction of the intergalactic medium in front of ULAS?J1120+0641 exceeded 0.1.     

Rhythm of fecal production and protein content for black-tailed jackrabbits

The cyclical phenomenon of soft and hard formation of feces in desert black - tailed jackrabbits ( Lepus californicus deserticola, Mearns) was investigated. Sixty - nine blacktails were shot between 0525 hours and 1508 hours over a 4 - day period. The average age was 314 days for all black - tails. The large intestine was removed and linear measurements taken. Overall length of the large intestine averaged 163.3 cm; mean length of the colon was 51.5 cm and average length of the rectum was 111.8 cm. Moisture content for soft and hard pellets averaged 79.5 percent and 74.1 percent, respectively. Protein content of soft and hard pellets averaged 45.8 percent and 14.3 percent, respectively. The black - tails began the transition from hard to soft pellets as early as 0414 hours, and nearly all had completed the reverse transition by 1508 hours. Female black - tails began both early morning and afternoon transitions significantly later than the males. Reasons for the apparent sexual partitioning are proposed.     

Guidelines for a constructivist approach: Steps toward the adaptation of ideas from family therapy for use in organizations

Constructivist family therapy offers a model for the application of Maturana's theories to practice. This paper describes key concepts of a constructivist approach and draws on family therapy to provide guidelines for applying them in an organizational setting. It offers a view of the organization as a network of conversations in which change occurs through the coconstruction of new conversations which widen or change the rational domain in which a problem occurs.     

A resource for large-scale RNA-interference-based screens in mammals

Gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) in mammalian cells using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) has become a valuable genetic tool. Here, we report the construction and application of a shRNA expression library targeting 9,610 human and 5,563 mouse genes. This library is presently composed of about 28,000 sequence-verified shRNA expression cassettes contained within multi-functional vectors, which permit shRNA cassettes to be packaged in retroviruses, tracked in mixed cell populations by means of DNA 'bar codes', and shuttled to customized vectors by bacterial mating. In order to validate the library, we used a genetic screen designed to report defects in human proteasome function. Our results suggest that our large-scale RNAi library can be used in specific, genetic applications in mammals, and will become a valuable resource for gene analysis and discovery.