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101.
102.
We show that the phase velocity in a stationary state of a de Broglie wave can be directly obtained from the probability distribution, i.e. the quantum trajectories, without detailed knowledge of the phase term itself. In other words, the amplitude of a de Broglie wave function describes not only the probability distribution but also the phase velocity distribution. Using this relationship, we comment on two calculations of the Goos-H nchen shift in de Broglie waves. 相似文献
103.
104.
Promotion and limitation of genetic exchange 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Werner Arber 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1979,35(3):287-293
105.
B. Werner D. M. Chapman Ch. E. Cutress 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1976,32(8):1047-1049
Summary New observations on the morphology, anatomy, asexual reproduction and metamorphosis of the formerly unknown polyp of the tropical Cubomedusae resulted in the conclusion that a new class Cubozoa must be established and positioned between the Scyphozoa and Hydrozoa. This conclusion could be confirmed by the histological investigation of the cubopolyp's muscular and nervous systems by light and transmission electron microscopy. 相似文献
106.
107.
T-cell recognition of chemicals, protein allergens and drugs: towards the development of in vitro assays 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Stefan F. Martin Philipp R. Esser Sonja Schmucker Lisa Dietz Dean J. Naisbitt B. Kevin Park Marc Vocanson Jean-Francois Nicolas Monika Keller Werner J. Pichler Matthias Peiser Andreas Luch Reinhard Wanner Enrico Maggi Andrea Cavani Thomas Rustemeyer Anne Richter Hermann-Josef Thierse Federica Sallusto 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2010,67(24):4171-4184
Chemicals can elicit T-cell-mediated diseases such as allergic contact dermatitis and adverse drug reactions. Therefore, testing of chemicals, drugs and protein allergens for hazard identification and risk assessment is essential in regulatory toxicology. The seventh amendment of the EU Cosmetics Directive now prohibits the testing of cosmetic ingredients in mice, guinea pigs and other animal species to assess their sensitizing potential. In addition, the EU Chemicals Directive REACh requires the retesting of more than 30,000 chemicals for different toxicological endpoints, including sensitization, requiring vast numbers of animals. Therefore, alternative methods are urgently needed to eventually replace animal testing. Here, we summarize the outcome of an expert meeting in Rome on 7 November 2009 on the development of T-cell-based in vitro assays as tools in immunotoxicology to identify hazardous chemicals and drugs. In addition, we provide an overview of the development of the field over the last two decades. 相似文献
108.
Summary The authors have tried to observe, with the aid of the electron microscope, the effect of streptomycin on the morphology ofB. subtilis. This action is very swift and manifests itself by the appearance of cells with high turgescence (sporical forms, but not resistant), by extreme shrinkage of cytoplasm inside the cell-wall and by the extrusion of this cytoplasm from the cellular envelope. 相似文献
109.
Solid lithium ion conducting electrochemical cells using LiSiPO as solid electrolyte and Li2CO3 mixed with Au as electrodes were prepared and employed as chemical sensors for the detection of CO2 gas. The EMF of the cell depends on the concentration of CO2 in air according to the partial pressure dependence of Nernst’s law in the investigated range from 100 to 2000 ppm over the
temperature range from 473 K to 673 K. 相似文献
110.