Control of a key transition from prostrate to erect growth in rice domestication

The transition from the prostrate growth of ancestral wild rice (O. rufipogon Griff.) to the erect growth of Oryza sativa cultivars was one of the most critical events in rice domestication. This evolutionary step importantly improved plant architecture and increased grain yield. Here we find that prostrate growth of wild rice from Yuanjiang County in China is controlled by a semi-dominant gene, PROG1 (PROSTRATE GROWTH 1), on chromosome 7 that encodes a single Cys(2)-His(2) zinc-finger protein. prog1 variants identified in O. sativa disrupt the prog1 function and inactivate prog1 expression, leading to erect growth, greater grain number and higher grain yield in cultivated rice. Sequence comparison shows that 182 varieties of cultivated rice, including 87 indica and 95 japonica cultivars from 17 countries, carry identical mutations in the prog1 coding region that may have become fixed during rice domestication.     

Germline-specific dgcr8 knockout in zebrafish using a BACK approach

Zebrafish is an important model to study developmental biology and human diseases. However, an effective approach to achieve spatial and temporal gene knockout in zebrafish has not been well established. In this study, we have developed a new approach, namely bacterial artificial chromosome-rescue-based knockout (BACK), to achieve conditional gene knockout in zebrafish using the Cre/loxP system. We have successfully deleted the DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8 (dgcr8) in zebrafish germ line and demonstrated that the maternal-zygotic dgcr8 (MZdgcr8) embryos exhibit MZdicer-like phenotypes with morphological defects which could be rescued by miR-430, indicating that canonical microRNAs play critical role in early development. Our findings establish that Cre/loxP-mediated tissue-specific gene knockout could be achieved using this BACK strategy and that canonical microRNAs play important roles in early embryonic development in zebrafish.     

四川蜂桶山省级自然保护区4个1hm2固定观测样地植物物种组成

为研究大巴山南麓物种组成特征,在四川蜂桶山省级自然保护区建立4个有代表性的1 hm2固定观测样地,调查并鉴定样地内胸径≥1 cm的木本植物.结果 显示:固定观测样地内有木本植物145种,共计7594株,分属39科89属.在活个体数量上,1号样地有2802株,2号样地有2041株,3号样地有1777株,4号样地有974株...     

DPSIR model-based evaluation index system for geographic national conditions

Establishing a reasonable evaluation index system is the basis and premise for the scientific evaluation of geographic national conditions. By analyzing the DPSIR model and its correlation and relation with the evaluation index system, the indexes for geographic national conditions were selected from the aspects of resources, ecology, environment, economy, society, etc to build an evaluation index system for geographic national conditions that consists of three hierarchies: index, criterion, and target levels. Furthermore, the index system was analyzed in terms of index integrity, low overlapping of elements, non-existence of isolated indexes, hierarchy of index system, etc., for the purpose of demonstrating that the DPSIR model-based evaluation index system for geographic national conditions meets the principles of index system establishment.     

时滞控制系统变结构控制器的一种等效设计方法

本文对时滞控制系统的变结构控制器提出了一种等效的设计方法。此方法因只需对相应的无时滞控制系统进行变结构控制器设计,所以不仅简化了变结构控制器本身的设计,而且也相应的简化了切换面的设计。同时,还给出了这种等效方法的时滞范围及系统数值仿真,仿真结果表明此方法的可行性及其效果的优良性。     

用数字波束形成技术测量干扰环境中目标的方向

本文讨论了在干扰环境中利用数字波束形成技术确定目标方向的方法,给出了计算机模拟结果。测量目标角度是基于单脉冲技术中的和差波束的方法。由于各路接收机幅相误差和算法本身的影响,差波束指向零点将产生漂移且零深不够理想,影响了测角精度。本文提出了在差波束的理想指向零点方向用正交化算法产生一零点的办法来校正零点漂移和加深零深,又不影响差方向图的其它性能,从而为用数字波束形成技术精密测角提出了一条路径。另外,本文给出了为消除主瓣干扰而对和差方向图影响的模拟结果。     

基于微透镜阵列的光场图像深度估计

针对光场相机同时记录光线位置信息和角度信息,提出估计光场图像深度的新方法。根据光场摄像技术的数字重聚焦原理,产生场景不同焦深的图像序列;采用基于目标区域的可变窗口清晰度评价算子对目标在图像序列中的聚焦度进行测量,通过高斯插值获得最清晰的成像位置作为深度求取结果。以基于微透镜阵列的Lytro光场相机为例,实验结果表明,在降低现有算法时间复杂度的基础上,该方法提取的深度图可靠,证明了该方法的可行性与优越性。