Cooling effect of ripped-stone embankments on Qing-Tibet railway under climatic warming

The heat convection in ballast mass and ripped-stone mass in railway embankments is the problem of heat convection in porous media. In order to calculate the temperature distribution of Qing-Tibet railway embankment, from the governing equations used to study forced convec-tion for incompressible fluids porous media, the finite ele-ment formulae for heat convection in porous media are de-rived by using Galerkin抯 method. The temperature fields of the traditional ballast embankment and the ripped-stone mass embankment, constructed on July 15, have been ana-lyzed and compared under the case that the air temperature in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau will be warmed up by 2.0℃ in the future 50 years. The calculated results indicate that, the permafrost 5 m below the traditional ballast embankment will be thawed in the regions in which the air yearly-average temperature is larger than -3.5℃ or the yearly-average temperature at the native surface is larger than -1℃. The embankment will cause large thawing settlement. The rail-way embankment will be damaged by permafrost degrada-tion. The ripped-stone mass embankment can not only resist the effect of climatic warm up on it but also provide cool energy for the permafrost under it. It can assure permafrost stability and not subjected to thawing. Therefore, it is highly recommended that the ripped-stone mass embankment be taken as the Qing-Tibet railway embankment structure in high-temperature permafrost regions so that permafrost embankment can be protected as possible as we could.     

油基泥浆中P110套管磨损机理和耐磨性能

固井后的技术套管与旋转的钻杆接头在一定正压力下接触导致不同程度的磨损,磨损后套管抗挤毁和抗内压强度降低,威胁油气井的安全。为计算井下套管磨损深度和磨损套管的剩余强度,确定减少套管磨损的有效措施,在油基泥浆中进行了P110套管的磨损实验,测量了不同磨损时间、转速和正压力下套管的磨损效率和摩擦系数。通过套管磨损表面形貌分析,确定了套管磨损机理。油基泥浆中P110套管的磨损效率和正压力和转速成正比,磨损效率在2~4×10-131/Pa之间。各转速下套管表面的磨损机理基本相同,黏着磨损、犁沟和疲劳磨损同时发生。正压力对套管表面磨损机理的影响有较大,低接触力下套管表面磨粒和犁沟磨损同时存在,高正压力下主要发生黏着和犁沟磨损。不同转速和正压力作用下,P110套管主要发生了黏着磨损,采用基于粘着磨损机理的磨损效率模型预测井下套管的磨损程度是可行的。     

超声波自动测温技术

超声波测温是近40年发展起来的一种新型的测温技术，其理论基础是超声波传播速度与介质温度有确定关系．目前的超声测温计存在着自动化程度低、在线检测困难以及测量精度差等缺点．给出了一种以热处理温度为3000℃的优质石墨棒作为测温介质、采用基于超声波脉冲技术的零点回鸣法测量声速、并通过微机控制自动跟踪测量温度的超声波测温系统．实验结果和理论分析表明该测温系统工作稳定，具备长期自动跟踪测温能力，系统声时测量分辨率可达0．2μs．     

基于相似度的神经网络多源迁移学习算法

为了解决迁移学习中的"负迁移"问题,提出了基于相似度的神经网络多源迁移学习算法。该算法是以经典的BP神经网络模型为基分类器,利用梯度下降法对各个源领域与目标域之间的相似度进行学习和优化,把各个源领域的网络权重参数信息按照与目标域之间的相似程度迁移到目标域中,提高机器学习算法在目标域的分类性能。在UCI数据的Letter-recognition数据集以及20Newsgroups文本数据集上进行实验。实验结果表明了MTL-SNN算法比传统的多源迁移学习算法以及BP神经网络算法在分类准确率上有所提升,因此MTL-SNN算法有效地解决了"负迁移"问题。     

A composite controller for grid connected photovoltaic systems

This paper addresses a new composite controller for a boost-buck inverter to interface the photovoltaic array with the power grid. Based on dynamically tracking the maximum power point, two novel control methodologies are proposed to control the DC-bus and the output current for the inverter. First, a new linear cycle discrete control algorithm is introduced to realize linear control of the DC-bus voltage and synchronously get the reference current for the inner current loop with a little calculation. Then, to assure a good adaptability to noise and model uncertainty, an auto-disturbance rejection controller is chosen as the output current controller, which does not depend on precise mathematics model. Thus, output current of PV system to the grid is with low harmonic distortion and unity power factor. Simulations and experiments are performed, and the results show that the system is of excellent robustness and effective.     

热处理工艺对MgO-PSZ固体电解质抗热震性的影响

考察了MgO-PSZ烧结后经两步或一步热处理所制材料的组织与性能,采用XRD,SEM观察分析其相组成和显微结构,测定材料的热膨胀曲线并进行模拟抗热震性试验。结果表明,两步热处理工艺所制材料含有较多的单斜相,模拟试验证实其抗热震性较差;在一步热处理工艺中,经1 000℃×2 h热处理后,材料的单斜相占61%,且晶粒较细小,分布于立方相基的晶内和晶界处,材料的膨胀曲线变化平缓,模拟试验证实其抗热震性较好。     

Effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor on the reactive astrogliosis of cultured astrocytes from newborn rat brain

The effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) on reactive astrogliosis was studied on a mechanical scratch model of the confluent astrocytic cultures from newborn rat brain. Following injury, the astrocytes at the edge of the injured area displayed a typical process of the reactive astrogliosis. This process included apparently hyperplastic change and significantly increased GFAP expression of the flat astrocytes, and migration to the injured area of the O-2A progenitor cells and their differentiation into process-bearing astrocytes. Exogenous CNTF applied to the cell cultures significantly promoted the hyperplasia and GFAP expression of the flat astrocytes. The results suggest that CNTF can enhance the reactive astrogliosis in the injured area.     

土壤藻类转化利用难溶性磷的机理研究

以难溶性磷做为土壤藻类沙角衣藻的唯一磷源,采用对硝基苯酚磷酸钠法和α-磷酸萘酯活性染色法,分别研究了土壤藻类对难溶性磷源转化利用时细胞内碱性磷酸酶活性变化及碱性磷酸酶表达情况,发现了沙角衣藻在对难溶性磷源转化利用时其胞内碱性磷酸酶活性发生了变化,并进一步用聚丙烯酰胺电泳检测,发现有新的碱性磷酸酶同功酶被诱导.这揭示沙角衣藻在利用难溶性磷源时,细胞内的代谢发生了变化,有利于促进对环境中的难溶性磷源的溶解和吸收利用.     

E-凸函数的一些新性质

文献[1]中Youness提出一类E-凸集和一类E-凸函数,削弱了已有的凸集和凸函数。文献[2]中Duca和Luspa利用两种上方图的概念（epis（f）和epi^E（f））,给出了E-凸函数的一些性质。本文在较弱的凸性条件上,利用文献[3]所得结论给出了E-凸函数的一些新性质。     

悬索桥主缆缠绕钢丝的设计

提出了考虑主缆空隙效应的缠绕钢丝预加力计算公式,计算了选择主缆缠绕时机的条件和缠丝的技术要求,算例表明,主缆空隙率和缠绕钢丝的直径与弹性模量是影响缠丝预加力的主要因素。