双乙酸钠合成工艺条件的优化

对采用醋酸－碳酸钠法（以乙醇为溶剂）制备双乙酸钠的条件进行了详细的研究，确定了影响收率的主、次因素依次为反应温度、物料比、反应时间。优化工艺的条件为反应温度94℃，Na2CO3和HAc的投料比为1：3.9，反应时间60min。另对产品进行了质量分析，通报了合成双乙酸钠的最新方法。     

基于SAP的采购系统设计

本文以项目软件工程过程为基础,对系统进行调研,针对用户需求进行业务蓝图设计与系统分析,并依据设计理念进行系统测试与实现,进行项目实施及后续支持描述与优化.建立一个以加快响应速度、降低采购成本、提高经济效益为主要目的,基于SAP物料管理为主要内容的易于维护的采购平台.     

压力下半导体GaAs的电子表面态

使用插值拟合近似获得晶格常数、带隙随压力的解析表示，采用变分法研究了流体静力学压力对半导体GaAs电子本征表面态的影响，数值结果表明，随压力增加电子表面态能级明显向上移动，且电子趋近表面。     

威廉姆斯批判康德主义的是与非

伯纳德·威廉姆斯在《英国时报》中被称为“他那个时代最重要的、最有才华的哲学家”，尤其是在20世纪下半叶他对哲学伦理学做出了重要贡献。国内外学界对于威廉姆斯批判康德主义（和功利主义）所阐发的洞见给予了肯定和褒扬，有人认为他主导了近30年来西方伦理理论的思维定式，但同时也始终不乏有着一些否定和贬斥的声音。     

Complexity-reduced ICI cancellation for OFDM system over doubly-selective channels

In doubly-selective fading wireless channel,the conventional orthogonal frequency division multi-plexing(OFDM)receivers for inter-carrier interference(ICI)compensation require extensive computa-tions.To obtain an effective balance between performance and complexity,the whole channel responsematrix was decomposed into a sequence of submatrix,and then a novel equalizer based on minimum meansquare error(MMSE)criterion was presented to combat the ICI.Furthermore,a simple ordering-baseddecision-feedback equa...     

Sequence similarity analysis of non-self CTL epitopes and mouse proteins using sequence alignment

This research analyzed amino acid sequence similarity between non-self T cell epitopes recognized by mouse antibodies and mouse proteins. Using sequence alignment,we found that only 8 of 1 108 epitopes are highly similar to mouse protein sequences. The result shows that non-self T cell epitopes are not similar or have little similarity to mouse protein sequences. Furthermore,reviewing the related literature,we also found that the eight epitopes would trigger immune responses in some particular environment,which are ignored by T cells in normal condition. The result suggests that no or low-similarity peptide vaccines can reduce the chance of collateral cross-reactions and enhance the antigen-specific immune response to vaccine.     

康德伦理学的失误及其原因——舍勒对康德伦理学的批判

舍勒把康德伦理学当作形式先天的伦理学理论代表，而舍勒建立起来的伦理学理论是质料先天的价值伦理学。两种伦理学的根本区别在于：究竞是把“合法则”和“违法则”的形式当作评判行为善恶的唯一标准，还是把价值及其秩序当作行为善恶的最终根据。实际上，道德法则本身也必须以价值及其秩序作为依据，因此舍勒伦理学是对康德伦理学的深化和补充，而后者之所以没有看到这个更为根本的伦常事实，是错误的人性预设所造成的，并且这个错误的人性预设实际上危害到了人们的道德生活。     

工程咨询公司发展战略分析与探讨

咨询业在世界经济的发展中起到越来越重要的作用,文章介绍了国际国内咨询业的一个分支——工程咨询行业的基本情况,在分析我国工程咨询行业竞争态势分析的基础上,结合外部因素分析结果,提出了战略实施方案的建议措施,对于我国工程咨询公司发展具有一定的帮助。     

论党的执政方式向依法治国的转变

实现学的执政方式向依法治国的转变，既要坚持和加强党的领导，更需要全党转变观念，变革领导方式，提高执政水平。     

Mapping CD20 molecules on the lymphoma cell surface using atomic force microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to locate CD20 molecules on the surface of lymphoma Raji cells. Rituximab (a monoclonal antibody against CD20) molecules were linked onto the AFM tip via a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker. Raji cells were adsorbed onto glass slides coated with poly-L-lysine. First, the CD20 distribution in a local area of the cell surface was visualized using the AFM lift scan mode. Second, 16 × 16 force curves were obtained from the same cell area to construct the CD20-rituximab binding force map. Finally, free rituximab was added to block the CD20 molecules on the cell surface and the lift phase image and CD20-rituximab force map were obtained again. The experimental results indicated that when the lift height was greater than the length of the PEG linker, no recognition sites were observed in the lift phase image. However, as the lift height decreased to the length of the PEG linker, some recognition sites were observed in the lift phase image and these sites were generally consistent with the pixels in the force map. After blocking, both the recognition sites in the lift phase image and the gray pixels in the binding force map decreased markedly. These results can improve our understanding of the distribution of protein molecules on the cell surface and facilitate further investigations into cellular functions.