Genome-wide association studies of 14 agronomic traits in rice landraces

Uncovering the genetic basis of agronomic traits in crop landraces that have adapted to various agro-climatic conditions is important to world food security. Here we have identified ～ 3.6 million SNPs by sequencing 517 rice landraces and constructed a high-density haplotype map of the rice genome using a novel data-imputation method. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 14 agronomic traits in the population of Oryza sativa indica subspecies. The loci identified through GWAS explained ～ 36% of the phenotypic variance, on average. The peak signals at six loci were tied closely to previously identified genes. This study provides a fundamental resource for rice genetics research and breeding, and demonstrates that an approach integrating second-generation genome sequencing and GWAS can be used as a powerful complementary strategy to classical biparental cross-mapping for dissecting complex traits in rice.     

Genome-wide association study of flowering time and grain yield traits in a worldwide collection of rice germplasm

A high-density haplotype map recently enabled a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a population of indica subspecies of Chinese rice landraces. Here we extend this methodology to a larger and more diverse sample of 950 worldwide rice varieties, including the Oryza sativa indica and Oryza sativa japonica subspecies, to perform an additional GWAS. We identified a total of 32 new loci associated with flowering time and with ten grain-related traits, indicating that the larger sample increased the power to detect trait-associated variants using GWAS. To characterize various alleles and complex genetic variation, we developed an analytical framework for haplotype-based de novo assembly of the low-coverage sequencing data in rice. We identified candidate genes for 18 associated loci through detailed annotation. This study shows that the integrated approach of sequence-based GWAS and functional genome annotation has the potential to match complex traits to their causal polymorphisms in rice.     

COSMOS/M 有限元程序在 Tokamak 装置设计中的应用

概述了有限元技术及其在Ｔｏｋａｍａｋ装置工程设计中应用的最新发展动态。对新一代面向微型计算机的大型结构有限元分析程序ＣＯＳＭＯＳ／Ｍ作了较全面的剖析，并给出了应用该程序对核聚变实验装置中大型机械结构强度分析的应用实例。     

浅埋暗挖工法比选数值模拟分析

地铁开挖对邻近管线的影响已成为地铁工程中的重点问题.文章结合西安地铁二号线,模拟了CD、CRD法开挖对既有给水管影响变形的全过程,通过计算分析比较得出了较为合理的开挖和支护方法,供类似工程参考.     

渣油热接触改质反应机理——Ⅰ.不同热载体反立性能的考察

采用X光衍射、程序升温脱附、扫描电镜、微活性测试及表面结构测试等方法,对不同热载体的性能与结构进行了考察。结果表明,热载体是一种具有低比表面、低催化活性的情性物质,孔径范围大多在15～60nm,热载体的孔结构类似于平行壁的狭缝状毛细孔结构。用胜利常压渣油作原料,在固定流化床反应器中考察不同热载体的反应性能,发现热载体结构对反应结果有很大影响,同时,热载体还有较强的抗重金属的污染能力。     

渣油热接触改质反应机理——Ⅱ.胶质和沥青质的转化

以添加不同数量胶质或沥青质的胜利减二线为原料油,采用2~#热载体,在固定流化床反应装置上考察了胶质、沥青质的转化。结果表明,在通常的反应条件下,胶质大部分转化为液体,沥青质大部分转化为焦炭。采用热接触改质,可脱除渣油中40～60%的S、N,90%左右重金属Ni以及85%以上的残炭,约90%的胶质和近乎100%的沥青质。     

碘放射性核素在土壤－蔬菜系统中的转移系数

人工引入核电站排放的关键核素￣（１３１）Ｉ，采用γ能谱和总β计数两种方法确定核素在土壤－蔬菜系统中的转移系数。测得核素不同迁移时间、不同生长期的蔬菜、以及土壤中不同核素浓度等各种情况下的转移系数。给出转移系数的频数分布及变异性。γ能谱法测得的￣（１３１）Ｉ在广东土壤－蔬菜系统中转移系数的观察值范围为１．２８×１０￣（－２）～２．１０×１０￣（－１），几何平均值为５．０５×１０￣（－２），几何标准偏差为１．９６．实验中观察到蔬菜棵株大小、不同气候条件等因素对转移系数的影响。     

相互作用观和立体几何教学

本文以认知结构同化理论为基础,探讨了“相互作用观”在立体几何教学中的意义和作用,以期指导立体几何的教学.     

数值法确定化学反应速度常数(Ⅰ)——数值法求曲线斜率的方法

本文介绍一种数值法求曲线斜率的方法。在由实验所得的曲线(f(x))上任意点M两侧以△X间距取点,求得△f(x)/△X,然后以△f(x)/△X对△X作图,得一平滑曲线,当△X=0时所对应的△f(x)/△X即为M点的斜率,该方法计算简便相对误差<1％。