从根子上实现气动计算湍流模型的突破

湍流是制约我国航空航天飞行器设计的卡脖子问题。在计算流体动力学（ CFD ）日益成为飞行器设计的主要手段时,如何构建湍流的数学物理模型是最突出的基础科学难题。我们以复杂系统的新认识为基础,从理论、实验、计算等多方面形成一个突破湍流世纪难题的新思路。理论上,我们构建了结构系综理论新框架,在物理思想上将经典的朗道平均场理论推广到非平衡系统,形成基于广义李群变换的多层结构模型;在方法上创新发展了序函数分析方法,从精确数值模拟和实验测量的经验数据中提炼湍流场的物理结构参数。这一工作在探索飞行器相关的壁湍流的物理对称性原理方面取得了圆满的成功,首次获得规范壁湍流的解析解,确认了新的普适卡门常数0.45。同时,我们以钱学森系统工程的思想为指导,组织了湍流实验和计算平台的建设,针对飞行器典型流场实现了实验、计算和理论的联合攻关,并组织实施了工程计算平台的建设。这些努力为新一代工程湍流模型的研制奠定了坚实的基础。     

Ag-Au二元合金的价电子结构分析及熔点的计算

应用平均原子模型,对Ag-Au二元合金在浓度x_(An)=0.00,0.25,0.50,0.75,1.00时的价电子结构进行了分析,并在此基础上,结合经验电子理论的熔点理论,对上述固溶体的熔点进行了计算,并与实验值进行了比较。     

Charge structures and cloud-to-ground lightning discharges characteristics in two supercell thunderstorms

The characteristics of CG lightning discharges have been studied because they often result in the disaster and are easier to be observed than intracloud discharge. In early stage, the locations of charges in cloud are de- termined based on the multi-stati…     

Insights on cellulose hydrolysis in the porous structure of biomass particles using the lattice Boltzmann method

Lignocellulose biomass has been recognized as one of the most promising sources of low-cost and renewable biofuels, and its conversion into alternative fuels and valuable platform molecules has attracted widespread attention. The porous solid residue from lignocellulose biomass, which was pretreated by steam-stripping, is catalyzed by dilute sulfuric acid to form levulinic acid (LA). The process includes porous media diffusion, multicomponent reactive transport, liquid-solid interface reaction, and cellulose dissolution. Understanding the interactions between these complex physicochemical processes is the basis for optimizing the performance of the hydrolysis reaction. In this study, a porous reaction transport model based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) was established to simulate the conversion of cellulose to LA which was catalyzed by dilute acid. The simulation results were compared with the existing experimental results to verify the accuracy of the model. The simulation results showed that temperature has a significant effect on hydrolysis and the highest carbon yield was obtained at 180 °C. Without considering the lignin reaction, the higher the sulfuric acid concentration, the better is the hydrolysis efficiency in the range of 4% – 8%. The influence of cellulose content and steam-stripping the residue porosity on the dissolution rate of cellulose was also evaluated. The average dissolution rate of cellulose is the highest within 75 min, when the porosity is 0.7 and the cellulose content is 50%.     

受热冲击时球体的广义热弹性分析

基于具有2个热松弛时间的G-L广义热弹性理论,研究了实心球体外表面突然受到均匀热冲击时的广义热弹性问题.由于控制方程复杂,到目前为止此类问题的解析解还没有得到.文中利用拉普拉斯正、反变换技术和热冲击的瞬时特征对该问题进行求解,最终得到了位移场和温度场的渐近表达式;通过数值计算,获得了热冲击下实心球体的位移与温度分布规律,以及热松弛时间和耦合系数对位移及温度分布的影响.结果表明:位移及温度分布中存在2个阶跃点;热松弛时间和耦合系数对位移及温度的阶跃时间、阶跃间隔和阶跃峰值均产生影响,对热冲击的作用效果也有一定的抑制作用.     

玻化微珠保温混凝土的抗折强度试验研究

为了研究玻化微珠保温混凝土的抗折强度,设计了玻化微珠保温混凝土和普通混凝土抗折试验标准试件,并对折断后的玻化微珠保温混凝土抗折试件进行抗压试验,获取同一试件的立方体抗压强度。分析了玻化微珠保温混凝土的抗折破坏形态,回归了玻化微珠保温混凝土抗折强度与立方体抗压强度的经验关系式。试验与分析结果表明:玻化微珠保温混凝土与普通混凝土的抗折破坏形态基本一致,破坏均为粗骨料与水泥浆凝胶体间的粘结破坏;玻化微珠保温混凝土的抗折强度略高于普通混凝土;玻化微珠保温混凝土抗折强度与抗压强度关系式可为玻化微珠保温混凝土的结构设计提供理论参考。     

基于单比特接收机的高检测率测频方法设计与实现

研究单比特接收机的高检测率测频方法，利用滤波器组将信号分成多通道，每条通道独立采样、测频，通过减小非线性变化产生谐波的影响达到提高检测率的目的，并对测频后的误检数据进行统计和分析，依据分析结果设计补偿矩阵，利用补偿矩阵对测频结果进行修正.仿真结果表明该方法有效提高了单比特接收机的双信号检测率，对于大动态范围的检测率提升更明显，归一化增益差为6 dB时检测率是原检测率的3.5倍.相关的研究方法和结论对实际工程应用具有一定的参考意义.      

定子槽偏移的内置式永磁同步电机的优化与分析

为降低永磁同步电机齿槽转矩和提高电机输出性能,以三相8极36槽内置组合式永磁同步电机为例,提出了一种电机定子槽偏移的方法。首先,通过理论推导定子齿气隙磁导函数,建立电机定子槽偏移数学模型;其次,对不同定子偏移槽数下不同偏移角度的齿槽转矩峰值、输出转矩以及转矩脉动的影响做出分析,利用自适应遗传算法确定电机定子偏移槽数偏移角度下的目标值;最后,通过试制样机进行实验。结果表明,优化后的电机齿槽转矩峰值降低了49.56%,转矩脉动降低了39.2%,平均输出转矩得到适当提升,气隙磁密谐波得到适当降低,同时,平均输出转矩增大,电机输出性能得到提升。所提定子槽偏移结构及多目标联合仿真方法具有一定的合理性和有效性,可为同类型电机的齿槽转矩优化和输出性能提高提供参考。