Flow and heat transfer behaviour of nanofluids in microchannels

Flow and heat transfer of aqueous based silica and alumina nanofluids in microchannels were experimentally investigated. The measured friction factors were higher than conventional model predictions at low Reynolds numbers particularly with high nanoparticle concentrations. A decrease in the friction factor was observed with increasing Reynolds number, possibly due to the augmentation of nanoparticle aggregate shape arising from fluid shear and alteration of local nanoparticle concentration and nanofluid viscosity. Augmentation of the silica nanoparticle morphology by fluid shear may also have affected the friction factor due to possible formation of a core/shell structure of the particles. Measured thermal conductivities of the silica nanofluids were in approximate agreement with the Maxwell-Crosser model, whereas the alumina nanofluids only showed slight enhancements. Enhanced convective heat transfer was observed for both nanofluids, relative to their base fluids (water), at low particle concentrations. Heat transfer enhancement increased with increasing Reynolds number and microchannel hydraulic diameter. However, the majority of experiments showed a larger increase in pumping power requirements relative to heat transfer enhancements, which may hinder the industrial uptake of the nanofluids, particularly in confined environments, such as Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS).     

Two Innovative Coalition Formation Models for Dynamic Task Allocation in Disaster Rescues

This paper addresses the problem of multi-objective coalition formation for task allocation. In disaster rescue, due to the dynamics of environments, heterogeneity and complexity of tasks as well as limited available agents, it is hard for the single-objective and single (task)-to-single (agent) task allocation approaches to handle task allocation in such circumstances. To this end, two multi-objective coalition formation for task allocation models are proposed for disaster rescues in this paper. First, through coalition formation, the proposed models enable agents to cooperatively perform complex tasks that cannot be completed by single agent. In addition, through adjusting the weights of multiple task allocation objectives, the proposed models can employ the linear programming to generate more adaptive task allocation plans, which can satisfy different task allocation requirements in disaster rescue. Finally, through employing the multi-stage task allocation mechanism of the dynamic programming, the proposed models can handle the dynamics of tasks and agents in disaster environments. Experimental results indicate that the proposed models have good performance on coalition formation for task allocation in disaster environments, which can generate suitable task allocation plans according to various objectives of task allocation.     

基于高效液相色谱法的帕瑞昔布钠位置异构体测定

建立以高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定帕瑞昔布钠位置异构体的方法.以硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂(Agela Technologies silica 4.6×250 mm,5μm);以正己烷—异丙醇(85∶15)为流动相,流速,1.0 m L/min,柱温,30℃,检测波长,215 nm.实验表明,帕瑞昔布钠与位置异构体分离度为1.86,理论塔板数分别为8 041和8 929;在0.04μg/m L~0.64μg/m L范围内,帕瑞昔布钠异构体线性关系良好(A=70.647c-1.401,r=0.9998);重复性良好(RSD为0.12%);平均回收率为94.47%(RSD为3.03%,n=9).采用HPLC法测定帕瑞昔布钠中的位置异构体,操作简单,准确度高且灵敏度好,可为控制帕瑞昔布钠质量提供依据.     

一类线性Weingarten子流形的分类问题

主要研究了de Sitter空间中的线性Weingarten子流形,根据截面曲率对其进行分类.结果表明,这类子流形是全脐子流形或者是全脐子流形的乘积流形.     

基于灰色生灭过程的可修部件备件需求预测模型

可修部件的失效率和修复率在服役周期内呈现不确定性,基于确定型失效率和修复率建模的生灭过程,在解决可修部件备件预测问题存在一定局限。以区间灰数表征可修部件的失效率与修复率,构建灰色状态转移矩阵,建立基于灰色生灭过程可修部件备件需求预测模型,研究了基于灰色生灭过程的无记忆性和预测模型稳态解的存在条件,一定程度上揭示了失效率和修复率不确定背景下的可修系统备件需求规律。实际案例研究验证了模型的有效性和实用性。     

Graphene-based hybrid materials and their applications in energy storage and conversion

Graphene attracts more and more scientists and researchers owing to its superior electronic,thermal,and mechanical properties.For material scientists,graphene is a kind of versatile building blocks,and considerable progress has been made in recent years.Graphene-based hybrid materials have been prepared by incorporating inorganic species and/or cross-linking of organic species through covalent and/or noncovalent interactions.The graphene-based hybrid materials show improved or excellent performance in various fields.In this review,we summarize the synthesis of graphene and graphene-based hybrid materials,and their applications in energy storage and conversion.     

脉冲旁路耦合电弧GMAW焊接过程的稳定性控制

脉冲旁路耦合电弧GMAW(Pulsed DE-GMAW)是一种低热输入的新型焊接方法,可以应用于铝钢异种金属的焊接.针对其在开环条件下耦合电弧抗干扰能力较弱、焊接过程不稳定、焊缝成形较差等影响焊接质量的关键问题,提出通过调节主路弧长控制耦合电弧稳定性的方案,并利用Matlab/Simulink软件和xPC-target快速原型控制平台,进行耦合电弧弧长稳定性控制实验.结果表明:通过控制主路弧长可以有效解决Pulsed DE-GMAW焊接过程中耦合电弧稳定性问题,保证Pulsed DE-GMAW焊接质量,获得成形良好的焊缝形貌.     

图像边缘检测经典算法研究综述

边缘检测是图像处理领域中的基本课题.本文就图像边缘检测的具体内容及几种传统的图像边缘检测方法进行了综述.分析了各种边缘检测算子的特点,并对它们的检测效果进行了分类比较.提出了该研究领域还存在的问题及发展趋势.     

微束X射线荧光分析谱仪及其对松针中元素的分布分析

介绍了一种小型的微束X射线荧光分析谱仪,它是由导管X光透镜和能量色散X射线荧光分析谱仪组成.谱仪具有较高的空间分辨率和能量分辨率.使用本谱仪对松树针叶进行了微区分析,得出各种元素沿松针长度方向和横切面径向的分布规律.结果表明使用X光透镜的微束X射线荧光分析方法可以实现植物样品的微区分析,有助于进一步了解植物的生长与元素迁移的关系.     

面向对象的信息系统规划方法

提出了面向对象的信息系统规划方法. 将规划过程分为识别组织目标、识别组织行为、确定对象与子系统和建设子系统优先级排序等几个主要阶段. 定义了行为和对象的关联度矩阵,基于聚类方法确定信息系统子系统的建设需求. 并给出了子系统优先级排序的指标体系,采用层次分析法完成子系统优先级排序.